Reducing disability among the elderly in Europe

Influence of sex hormones on the periodontium

“…The same correlation between estrogen deficiency, osteopenia/osteoporosis, and the prevalence of tooth loss was also reported (Daniell 1983, Kribbs et al 1989, Elders et al 1992, von Wowern et al 1994, Paganini-Hill 1995a, Grodstein et al 1996a,, Mittermayer et al 1998). An important idea that should be kept in mind is that in many of these cases, tooth loss might be influenced by factors other than periodontal disease.…”

“…enhanced blood circulation in the end terminal capillary loops and associated increased prevalence of gingivitis/bleeding tendency (Muhlemann 1948, Massler et al 1950, Curilovic et al 1958, Sutcliffe 1972, Daniell 1983 higher bacterial counts (especially Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Capnocytophaga species) (Kornman & Loesche 1982, Mariotti 1994) During pregnancy increased tendency for gingivitis and larger gingival probing depths (Loe & Silness 1963, Silness & Loe 1964, Miyazaki et al 1991, Robinson & Amar 1992, Machuca et al 1999, Soory 2000a) and periodontitis (Robinson & Amar 1992) increased susceptibility to infection (Cohen et al 1969, Brabin 1985 decreased neutrophil chemotaxis and depressed antibody production (Sooriyamoorthy & Gower 1989b, Raber-Durlacher et al 1991, Raber-Durlacher et al 1993 increased numbers of periodontopathogens (especially Porphyromonas gingivalis and Pi) , Tsai & Chen 1995 increased synthesis of PGE 2 (ElAttar 1976b) (Mittermayer et al 1998) noted (Segal et al 1974) in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, although the incidence is low (Segal et al 1974, Ferguson et al 1978. However, the specific mechanism of how steroid sex hormones influence vesicle/ulceration formation remains to be determined (Mariotti 1994).…”

Effect of Menopause on Periodontium - Is There A Link?

“…14 Osteoporosis leads to: Poor wound healing -less attachment formation; Reduced bone mineral content in the jaws; and Increase of periodontitis and tooth loss. [15][16][17] So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of menopause on periodontal destruction.…”