Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

Alexander, Sasha

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_128-1

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Besides, the loss of aboveground biomass and decomposition of organic material following their green cover’s disturbance causes the release of considerable amounts of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Their vulnerability to land use, and numerous other ecosystem services (ES) they provide make wetlands a point of increasing interest for participation in climate change mitigation strategies, such as Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of biodiversity hubs and key ecosystem services as a tool for shaping optimal areas for conservation

Gatwaza

Wang

2021

PLoS ONE

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Most National Parks (NP) and nature reserves in Rwanda have been established opportunistically in the early 1900s, without clear consideration of ensuring the protection to all threatened different taxonomical or functional groups, such as vegetation, invertebrates, fish, and birds. With the increasing conservation objectives, raised expectations into Protected Areas (PA), and within a more challenging environmental context, it is important to identify biodiversity hubs and key areas for Ecosystem Services (ES) to maximize the efficiency of conservation efforts by assisting priority areas under threats. To date, no comprehensive analysis, to the best of our knowledge has been done to assess both biodiversity and ES in Rwanda. This is a notable gap, considering that global-scale research suggests that the spatial overlap between biodiversity targets and ES is low. This study reports a nationwide assessment, mapping the richness of threatened species and three key ES Carbon Storage, Water Quantity, and Water Quality. Our analysis has shown that PAs are neither perfectly delineated to protect biodiversity nor key ES. The state of PAs offers a taxonomic protection bias in favor of mammals and birds but leaves many endangered species in other taxonomic groups in collapsing and unprotected small ecosystems scattered around the country. Rwanda’s PAs cover important carbon stock but can do better at securing higher water balance regions and clean water sources. We propose an improvement of the NP system in Rwanda to help guide the economic development along a path of green growth and ensures the well-being of both people and nature. Locating biodiversity hubs and key ES can help to connect conservationists, local people, and governments in order to better guide conservation actions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of biodiversity hubs and key ecosystem services as a tool for shaping optimal areas for conservation

Gatwaza

Wang

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Ten years ago, Brazil witnessed an intensive public debate around suitable funding sources for REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries), a policy mechanism first proposed at the UN climate change conference COP11 in Montréal in 2005, to combine the benefits of forest conservation with climate change mitigation (Cerbu et al, 2011). 1 The main objective of REDD is to compensate developing countries financially for maintaining their forests standing, with the intention to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions (Alexander, 2018). As such, REDD (or nowadays REDD+, which has a wider scope) 2 belongs to the group of carbon-based conservation mechanisms within the wider family of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes (Corbera, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While in principle, the objectives of forest conservation and climate change mitigation are universally accepted, there has been considerable debate about how to best achieve these, and whether REDD schemes constitute a viable and desirable option (Cabello & Gilbertson, 2012;Corbera, 2012;Lederer, 2011;McGregor et al, 2014). In the official definition of REDD+, the term "conservation" is included as a separate term alongside other terms and forest management strategies (Alexander, 2018), yet in this article, all REDD/REDD+ activities are interpreted as ultimately seeking to contribute to "conservation" of forests and carbon stocks. In this sense, REDD is seen as one option among several other forest conservation mechanisms, for example integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs), despite the special focus on reducing deforestation and forest degradation rates (Angelsen, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Conservation Through Markets? A Discourse Network Analysis of the Debate on Funding Mechanisms for REDD+ in Brazil

Schulz

2019

Environmental Communication

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One of the most contentious issues surrounding the forest conservation program REDD+ is the question whether it should be funded via international carbon markets. The controversy between market supporters and opponents has been especially marked in the public debate in Brazil, one of the main potential beneficiaries of REDD+ payments. In a remarkable shift of policy, the Brazilian Federal Government gave up its long-standing opposition to market-based funding in the run-up to the COP15, following several years of competition between two main discourse coalitions and their preferred story lines. These were analyzed here with discourse network analytical techniques. Brazil's policy change may in part be explained by the failure of market opponents to employ positive arguments about alternative funding mechanisms, such as a public fund model; and by the increasing discursive dominance of a third emerging discourse coalition, which adopted major arguments of both sides in the debate. The research presented here thus provides more general insights on the dynamics of public debates, discourse coalitions, and the impacts of discursive strategies on policy-making, as well as on the value of discourse network analysis as a research method. Keywords carbon markets; climate change; discourse networks; environmental policy; forest conservation; REDD+ Moutinho defends the implementation of REDD as a compensatory market mechanism […]: "How can we guarantee sustainability without markets?" […] it is already difficult enough to obtain money for humanitarian interventions in Africa. Now imagine, to save forests in Brazil.

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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Mapping of biodiversity hubs and key ecosystem services as a tool for shaping optimal areas for conservation

Mapping of biodiversity hubs and key ecosystem services as a tool for shaping optimal areas for conservation

Forest Conservation Through Markets? A Discourse Network Analysis of the Debate on Funding Mechanisms for REDD+ in Brazil

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