Reducing government bank presence in the Brazilian financial system Why and how

The economics of bank privatization

“…They then describe how the Real PlanÕs success in halting inflation -which was good for the overall economy -severely impacted the profitability (even the viability) of both state and private banks in Brazil and led the state and national governments to take increasingly desperate steps to rescue the banking system from collapse. Ness (2000), Makler (2000) and Weintraub and Nakane (2005) present similar discussions of the Brazilian banking systemÕs evolution and outlook. Brock (1999) describes and examines ChileÕs two bank privatization programs.…”

Finance for development: Latin America in comparative perspective

“…In addition, the financial sector is gener ally regarded as the most fragile part of the economy, subject to dramatic swings stemming from changes in economic or political variables or even shifts in mar ket psychology. Nonetheless, domestic financial liberalization is second only to trade liberalization in terms o f its implementation record, and it has advanced more (relative to its starting point) than any other reform in the Latin American America, 1990-2000a Sources: ECLAC (2001, p. 47), based on Morley, Machado, and Pettinato (1999). a.…”

“…O n PROES, see Baer and N azm i (2000); Ness (2000b);Goldfajn, H ennings, and M ori (2003); Beck, Crivelli, and Summerhill (2005).…”

“…I n t e r m s o f e m p l o y m e n t , t h e d if f e r e n c e is m u c h g re a te r: m ic r o firm s e m p l o y 3 6 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o ta l w o rk f o r c e , a n d s m a ll f ir m s a c c o u n t f o r a n o t h e r 2 1 p e r c e n t.46 45. Ness (2000a), cited in Armijo and Ness (2002 a. Converted into dollars at exchange rate of 3.33.…”

Espaço geográfico, sistema bancário e a hipercapilaridade do crédito no Brasil

“…Em contrapartida, teriam de se desfazer de seus Bancos (Baer;Nazmi, 2000;Makler, 2000;Ness Jr., 2000), assim como de outros ativos (ferrovias, prédios públicos, centrais de abastecimento etc.). Com a adesão dos governadores ao PROES, eram possíveis quatro encaminhamentos para as instituições financeiras estaduais: a) extinção da instituição financeira; b) privatização; c) transformação em instituição não-financeira (agência de fomento); d) federalização (aquisição do controle pela União, que posteriormente privatizaria ou extinguiria a instituição); e) saneamento da instituição (Salviano Jr., 2004, p. 84).…”