Reducing Heavy Metal Element from Coal Bottom Ash by Using Citric Acid Leaching Treatment

Yahya, Ahmad Asyari; Ali, Noorwirdawati; Kamal, Nur Liyana Mohd; Shahidan, Shahiron; Beddu, Salmia; Nuruddin, Muhd Fadhil; Shafiq, Nasir

doi:10.1051/matecconf/201710301004

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The resulting ash was analyzed again by elemental analysis to make sure of the elimination of carbon and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Panalytical Epsilon 3) to quantify the inorganic matter. The ash was then milled and sieved through standard mesh #100 (150 μm) and finally leached with citric acid at 2% for 2 h and 60 °C to diminish the oxides [7] (CaO), which can interfere in the silicate synthesis. For the synthesis, we calculated the mass relations, considering a molar ratio of 1:1 and a batch of 1.5 g to make SCBA-sodium carbonate (Sigma Aldrich, reactant grade) pellets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Silica Particles from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Its Application in Hydrophobic Coatings

Pérez

Ruiz

Zaldivar

et al. 2020

2nd Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference (CIWC-2 2020)

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: Wastes such as sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) can be used as raw material in ceramics by the elaboration of bricks and tiles and the glass industry, due the high amount of silica in its composition (>70%). Another application for SCBA is the synthesis of metallic silicates. In this work, we study the synthesis of sodium silicate with SCBA as the main raw material and the future application of sodium silicate for the preparation of silica particles in order to create hydrophobic surfaces for ceramic materials to prevent their erosion. The sodium silicate synthesis was carried out by the thermochemical method with batches of ash and sodium carbonate in a 1:1 sodium oxide–silicon oxide molar ratio. The thermal treatment was in an electric furnace at 800 °C for 8 h. Then, for the synthesis of the silica particles, the sodium silicate was dissolved in water, and then we added methanol in a 3:2 water methanol volume ratio. The solution was left to age for an hour to create the Si-OH bond. Finally, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was added and the solution was stirred for 2 h to create a hydrophobic and hydrolytically resistant siloxane by the displacement of H in the Si-OH bond. The application of the solution was by the spray-coating method over substrates of concrete and red clay with the application of 10, 15, and 20 layers. The hydrophobicity was evaluated with the water contact angle test, with the results of contact angles above the 110°, thus demonstrating the capacity of a waste for the generation of coatings to prolong the useful life of building materials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Silica Particles from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Its Application in Hydrophobic Coatings

Pérez

Ruiz

Zaldivar

et al. 2020

2nd Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference (CIWC-2 2020)

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“…For this process, the ash was leached with 2% wt. citric acid for 2 h at 60 °C, according to the research of Yahya et al [ 18 ], and analyzed using XRF after the leaching process. The impact of this process is reported in the Results and Discussion section.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as an Alternative Source of Silicon Dioxide in Sodium Silicate Synthesis

Pérez-Casas,

Zaldívar-Cadena,

Álvarez-Mendez

et al. 2023

Materials

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To reduce the environmental impacts from sodium silicate synthesis, a ceramic method was suggested, with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as the source of silicon dioxide and sodium carbonate. Although the production of sodium silicate is carried out on a large scale, it should be noted that its process requires temperatures above 1000 °C; it also requires the use of highly corrosive agents such as sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas to neutralize the remaining sodium hydroxide. In the present study, the synthesis temperatures were reduced to 800 °C with a reaction time of 3 h by pressing equimolar mixtures of previously purified SCBA and sodium carbonate; then, heat treatment was carried out under the indicated conditions. The resulting materials were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among the crystalline phases, calcium disodium silicate was identified, in addition to sodium silicate; thus, it was inferred that the other components of the ash can interfere with the synthesis of silicate. Therefore, in order to obtain the highest composition of sodium silicate, a leaching treatment of the SCBA is required.

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“…Coal waste is categorized as hazardous and toxic waste because it contains heavy metals, including mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) [22][23][24]. When dumped in the ground, this heavy metal will not only pollute the soil but also pollute the surrounding water because it can flow with the runoff.…”

Section: Figure 2 Coal Type Which Used By Factory For Boiler That Mon...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost assessment of biomass coal fuel on air pollution and coal consumption reduction

Marganingrum¹,

Khalifah

Nursetyowati

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The use of coal as an energy source in the industrial sector has been quite massive, but the negative impact has not been a serious concern. We realized that the use of coal had caused pollution, including air pollution from coal-burning processing and water and soil pollution from the coal solid waste (fly ash and bottom ash), which not be appropriately managed. This study aims to assess the beneficiary of utilizing the unburnt carbon as co-firing in boiler industrial compared with air emission impact—the unburnt carbon mixed with municipal solid waste treated firstly to be briquette. The briquette was called Biomass Coal Fuel (BCF), and it was used as coal substitution of 10-15%. The cost of air pollution calculation referred to the Ministry Environmental Regulation Number 13 of 2011. We have compared the cost of air pollution between before and after BCF substitution. Meanwhile, the beneficiaries were calculated from the reduction of coal consumption. The result showed that emissions cost just approximately 4-5% of the beneficiaries due to reductions in coal consumption that about 145.656 – 218.484 million rupiahs per year. The factory can use this beneficiary to improve air emission controlling and support environmental conservation.

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Reducing Heavy Metal Element from Coal Bottom Ash by Using Citric Acid Leaching Treatment

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis of Silica Particles from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Its Application in Hydrophobic Coatings

Synthesis of Silica Particles from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Its Application in Hydrophobic Coatings

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as an Alternative Source of Silicon Dioxide in Sodium Silicate Synthesis

Cost assessment of biomass coal fuel on air pollution and coal consumption reduction

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