Reducing negative consequences from use of methamphetamine

Compton, Wilson M.; Jones, Christopher M.; Underwood, Natasha

doi:10.1111/add.14966

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The potential impact of smoking crystalline methamphetamine on drug treatment services is important for parts of the world where this trend has become prominent (e.g. South Africa [1], Iran [2], Mexico [3], Thailand [4] and North America [5]), particularly given debate around whether interventions should instead focus on harms related to injecting the drug [6]. Smoking is associated with a higher risk of dependence than to other non-parenteral routes of administration, with injecting having similar if not higher risk of dependence when compared to smoking [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in treatment episodes for methamphetamine smoking and injecting in Australia, 2003–2019

McKetin

Chrzanowska

Man

et al. 2021

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction. We examined trends in Australian treatment episodes for smoking and injecting methamphetamine from 2003 to 2019. Methods. Data from the Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment National Minimum Data Set, where amphetamines were the principal drug of concern, were analysed from 2003 to 2019. Rates were calculated per 100 000 population aged 10-100 years. Joinpoint software was used to identify changepoints and estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in the rate of treatment episodes. Treatment episode characteristics were compared for smoking versus injecting in 2019.Results. The rate of treatment episodes for methamphetamine increased from 77 to 262 per 100 000 population between 2003 and 2019 (average APC 8%, P < 0.001), this being due to treatment episodes for smoking methamphetamine (average APC 32%, P < 0.001) with no significant increase in treatment episodes for injecting methamphetamine (average APC 3%). Treatment episodes for smoking increased sharply from 2003 to 2008 (APC 72%, P < 0.001) and again from 2010 to 2016 (APC 46%, P < 0.001), this upward trend being attenuated between 2016 and 2019 (APC 7%, P = 0.012). Treatment episodes for methamphetamine smoking (cf. injecting) involved younger clients (median age 30 vs. 35 years, P < 0.001) who were more likely to receive assessment or case management only (37% vs. 29%, P < 0.001). Discussion and Conclusions. Increased methamphetamine treatment episodes in Australia since 2003 are due mostly to smoking the drug, this occurring among younger cohort who receive less substantive treatment than clients who inject methamphetamine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in treatment episodes for methamphetamine smoking and injecting in Australia, 2003–2019

McKetin

Chrzanowska

Man

et al. 2021

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…Thus, accounting for change readiness can help us better tailor interventions to individuals at different stages of readiness and at a population-level to better predict service needs by target audience segment/size—particularly with respect to the kinds of services individuals may choose according to their readiness to change. Such an approach is supported by the growing body of evidence examining the benefits of harm reduction interventions among people who use drugs [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Treatment Readiness Shape Service-Design Preferences of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Crystal Methamphetamine? A Cross Sectional Study

Card

McGuire

Berlin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Crystal methamphetamine (CM) disproportionately impacts gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). However, not all gbMSM are interested in changing their substance use. The present study aimed to examine whether participant-preferred service characteristics were associated with their readiness to change. We surveyed gbMSM who used CM in the past six months, aged 18 plus years, on dating platforms. Participants rated service-design characteristics from “very unimportant” to “very important”. Multivariable regression tested service preference ratings across levels of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES-8D). Among 291 participants, 38.7% reported their CM use was not problematic, 19.5% were not ready to take any action to reduce or stop using CM, and 41.7% were ready to take action. On average, participants rated inclusive, culturally-appropriate, out-patient counselling-based interventions as most important. Participants with greater readiness-to-change scores rated characteristics higher than gbMSM with lesser readiness. Contingency management and non-abstinence programming were identified as characteristics that might engage those with lesser readiness. Services should account for differences in readiness-to-change. Programs that provide incentives and employ harm reduction principles are needed for individuals who may not be seeking to reduce or change their CM use.

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“…Methamphetamine use is a growing global concern [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] associated with elevated mortality, increased HIV and hepatitis C incidence, cardiovascular events and poor mental health (suicidality, psychosis, depression and violence) [ 3 , 4 ]. Within this context, there has been debate about the relative harms associated with smoking versus injecting stimulants [ 5 , 6 ]. There is particular uncertainty about the implications of the co‐occurrence of smoking stimulant drugs (crack cocaine and crystal methamphetamine) and injecting stimulant drugs amongst people who inject drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of smoking and injecting methamphetamine and their association with health and social outcomes

McKetin

Sutherland

Peacock

et al. 2021

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction We examine how smoking and injecting methamphetamine change over time and correlate with specific health and social outcomes. Methods. Panel data from a longitudinal cohort dependent on methamphetamine (N = 444; 891 months). Random effects regression models examined the relationship between smoking and/or injecting methamphetamine and past month outcomes (substance use, ≥daily injection, needle/syringe sharing, psychological distress, poor mental and physical health, sexual behaviour, psychotic symptoms, violent behaviour and crime). Effects were adjusted for between-group differences at baseline. Results. At baseline, 56% of participants only injected methamphetamine in the past month, 18% only smoked and 26% both injected and smoked (concurrent injecting and smoking). Compared to injecting only, concurrent injecting and smoking was associated with more days of methamphetamine use (b = 1.3, P < 0.001; adjusted [A] b = 1.2, P < 0.001), more frequent injection [odds ratio (OR) 1.8, P = 0.013; adjusted OR (AOR) 1.6, P = 0.042], violent behaviour (OR 2.1, P = 0.001; AOR 1.8, P = 0.013] and crime (OR 3.1, P < 0.001; AOR 2.5, P < 0.001). Non-injecting related outcomes did not differ significantly for only smoking versus only injecting. There was no significant transition from injecting methamphetamine at baseline to non-injecting methamphetamine use at follow up, or from exclusively smoking methamphetamine at baseline to any methamphetamine injection at follow up. Discussion and Conclusion. Efforts are needed to address heavier methamphetamine use, more frequent drug injection and elevated violent behaviour and crime among people who concurrently smoke and inject methamphetamine.

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Reducing negative consequences from use of methamphetamine

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Trends in treatment episodes for methamphetamine smoking and injecting in Australia, 2003–2019

Trends in treatment episodes for methamphetamine smoking and injecting in Australia, 2003–2019

Does Treatment Readiness Shape Service-Design Preferences of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Crystal Methamphetamine? A Cross Sectional Study

Patterns of smoking and injecting methamphetamine and their association with health and social outcomes

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