Reducing odor emissions from feces aerobic composting: additives

Zhu, Ping; Shen, Yilin; Pan, Xusheng; Dong, Bin; Zhou, John L.; Zhang, Guoqing; Li, Xiaowei

doi:10.1039/d1ra00355k

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…As the process proceeds forward, the mineralization of the organic nitrogen leads to the formation of ammonia (NH 3 ), which could react with hydrogen ions to form ammonium (NH 4 + ). The NH 4 + -to-NH 3 equilibrium is highly affected by the dominant conditions within the composting mixture, mainly the pH value and temperature [54][55][56]. Thermophilic temperatures and alkaline conditions enhance the loss of nitrogen as ammonia.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Emissions' Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria or archaea and nitriteoxidizing bacteria convert part of the nitrogen to nitrate through the nitrification process. This nitrate is used by the microbial community, but it would be converted to N 2 O under certain conditions including denitrifications' process, especially under insufficient oxygen levels [54]. Furthermore, the low levels of oxygen lead to the formation of some anaerobic zones within the compositing mixture.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Emissions' Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These zones play a major role in the sulfur transformation and the production of H 2 S through the action of Sulfate-reducing bacteria (anaerobic) during the degradation of the organic matter [57]. Additionally, during the formation of H 2 S, other reduced sulfur compounds will also be produced, such as MeSH, Me 2 S, Me 2 SS, and others [54]. The following are some of the main factors that affect the emissions' rates during the composting process.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Emissions' Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After that, a gradual increase in alkalinity occurs as a result of the phenolic and carboxyl groups' decomposition [4]. The increase in the pH level promotes ammonia release, by influencing the NH 4 + to NH 3 equilibrium in spite of its directs influence on biological activity, as indicated [54,55]. However, these conditions are considered suitable for decreasing other emissions such as H 2 S, which normally increases under low pH values [56].…”

Section: Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process: Controlling Parameters and Strategies of Mitigation

Sayara

Sánchez

2021

Processes

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Organic waste generation, collection, and management have become a crucial problem in modern and developing societies. Among the technologies proposed in a circular economy and sustainability framework, composting has reached a strong relevance in terms of clean technology that permits reintroducing organic matter to the systems. However, composting has also negative environmental impacts, some of them of social concern. This is the case of composting atmospheric emissions, especially in the case of greenhouse gases (GHG) and certain families of volatile organic compounds (VOC). They should be taken into account in any environmental assessment of composting as organic waste management technology. This review presents the relationship between composting operation and composting gaseous emissions, in addition to typical emission values for the main organic wastes that are being composted. Some novel mitigation technologies to reduce gaseous emissions from composting are also presented (use of biochar), although it is evident that a unique solution does not exist, given the variability of exhaust gases from composting.

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Section: Factors Affecting the Emissions' Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting the Emissions' Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting the Emissions' Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process: Controlling Parameters and Strategies of Mitigation

Sayara

Sánchez

2021

Processes

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“…Compost conditioner refers to additives that are added in small amounts (relative to the mass of raw biomass materials in compost) to significantly optimize and adjust the composting process or composting products (Figure ). Conditioners include some cheap crude chemical additives (ferrous sulfate, sodium humate, superphosphate), biochar, and carbon-rich biomass (corn stalks, sawdust, waste mushroom culture substrate) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends and Advances in Additive-Mediated Composting Technology for Agricultural Waste Resources: A Comprehensive Review

Noor,

Shah,

Tahir

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Agriculture waste has increased annually due to the global food demand and intensive animal production. Preventing environmental degradation requires fast and effective agricultural waste treatment. Aerobic digestion or composting uses agricultural wastes to create a stabilized and sterilized organic fertilizer and reduces chemical fertilizer input. Indeed, conventional composting technology requires a large surface area, a long fermentation period, significant malodorous emissions, inferior product quality, and little demand for poor end results. Conventional composting loses a lot of organic nitrogen and carbon. Thus, this comprehensive research examined sustainable and adaptable methods for improving agricultural waste composting efficiency. This review summarizes composting processes and examines how compost additives affect organic solid waste composting and product quality. Our findings indicate that additives have an impact on the composting process by influencing variables including temperature, pH, and moisture. Compost additive amendment could dramatically reduce gas emissions and mineral ion mobility. Composting additives can (1) improve the physicochemical composition of the compost mixture, (2) accelerate organic material disintegration and increase microbial activity, (3) reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions to reduce nitrogen (N) losses, and (4) retain compost nutrients to increase soil nutrient content, maturity, and phytotoxicity. This essay concluded with a brief summary of compost maturity, which is essential before using it as an organic fertilizer. This work will add to agricultural waste composting technology literature. To increase the sustainability of agricultural waste resource utilization, composting strategies must be locally optimized and involve the created amendments in a circular economy.

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Opportunities and challenges of bio-based fertilizers utilization for improving soil health

et al. 2023

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Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) have been promoted as a solution to help manage bio-waste problems and improve soil health conditions. Their potential is to replace mineral fertilizers due to nonrenewable energy dependency and the accumulation that threatens environmental issues. Currently, laboratory and field-based literature have been growing since European Union (EU) looks BBFs as the future of agriculture bio-based products. Nevertheless, it is worth to summarizing the results on a regular basis. The added value of this work is to study the opportunities of bio-based fertilizer utilization to sustain plant productivity and investigate the challenges to water footprints and human health. This study found that contamination of heavy metals and pathogens is the main problems of BBFs implementation which need more attention to develop the technology process including the environmental risk assessments. Furthermore, compared to mineral fertilizers, BBFs have obstacles to getting social acceptance due to the challenges of transportation and production cost, the concentration of nutrients, matching crops, and policy framework. To sum up, BBF is a long-run scheme that should be started to tackle global issues since the potency as energy alternative sources to support the circular economy paradigm.

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Reducing odor emissions from feces aerobic composting: additives

Abstract: Aerobic composting is a reliable technology for treating human and animal feces, and converting them into resources. The addition of additives can reduce the production of odor during the composting process.

Cited by 25 publications

References 122 publications

Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process: Controlling Parameters and Strategies of Mitigation

Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process: Controlling Parameters and Strategies of Mitigation

Recent Trends and Advances in Additive-Mediated Composting Technology for Agricultural Waste Resources: A Comprehensive Review

Opportunities and challenges of bio-based fertilizers utilization for improving soil health

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