Reducing Operational Expenses of LoRaWAN-Based Internet of Remote Things Applications

Light pollution is an ongoing problem for city populations. Large numbers of light sources at night negatively affect humans’ day–night cycle. It is important to measure the amount of light pollution in order to effectively ascertain the amount of light pollution in the city area and effectively reduce it where possible and necessary. In order to perform this task, a prototype wireless sensor network for automated, long-term measurement of light pollution was developed for the Torun (Poland) city area. The sensors use LoRa wireless technology to collect sensor data from an urban area by way of networked gateways. The article investigates the sensor module architecture and design challenges as well as network architecture. Example results of light pollution measurements are presented, which were obtained from the prototype network.

Section: Lora Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Autonomous City-Wide Light Pollution Measurement Network System Using LoRa Wireless Communication

Erwiński

Karpińska

Kunz

et al. 2023

“…This integration greatly enhances the capabilities of the Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. IoRT networks have gained widespread use, such as remote surveillance systems for monitoring wild animals, natural disasters, and climate change [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Due to the limitation of the geographical environment, it is difficult to deploy terrestrial base stations in mountains, deserts, and other remote areas, but environmental monitoring data are crucial in such areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adjustable Wireless Backhaul Link Selection Algorithm for LEO-UAV-Sensor-Based Internet of Remote Things Network

Chen,

Wang,

2024

Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) networks utilize the backhaul links between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites to transfer the massive data collected by sensors. However, the backhaul links change rapidly due to the fast movement of both the UAVs and the satellites, which is different from conventional wireless networks. Additionally, due to the various requirements of IoRT multiservices, the system performance should be comprehensively considered. Thus, an adjustable wireless backhaul link selection algorithm for a LEO-UAV-sensor-based IoRT network is proposed. Firstly, an optimization model for backhaul link selection is proposed. This model uses Q, which integrates the remaining service time and capacity as the objective function. Then, based on the snapshot method, the dynamic topology is converted into the static topology and a heuristic optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the backhaul link selection problem. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with two traditional algorithms, i.e., maximum service time and maximum capacity algorithms. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed model can achieve better system performance, and the overload of the satellites is more balanced. The algorithm can obtain a trade-off between remaining service time and capacity by dynamically adjusting model parameters. Thus, the adjustable backhaul link selection algorithm can apply to multiservice IoRT scenarios.

“…The encryption protocol built into LoRaWAN ensures data protection between devices and the network, a crucial feature in applications involving sensitive or confidential information. In addition, its decentralized architecture allows for a higher degree of control and flexibility in device configuration and management, thus simplifying monitoring and control of data flow in the network [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid IoT Prototyping: A Visual Programming Tool and Hardware Solutions for LoRa-Based Devices

López,

Lamo

2023

LoRa technology has gained popularity as one of the most widely used standards for device interconnection due to its ability to cover long distances and energy efficiency, making it a suitable choice for various Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring and control applications. In this sense, this work presents the development of a visual support tool for creating IoT devices with LoRa and LoRaWAN connectivity. This work significantly advances the state of the art in LoRa technology by introducing a novel visual support tool tailored for creating IoT devices with LoRa and LoRaWAN connectivity. By simplifying the development process and offering compatibility with multiple hardware solutions, this research not only facilitates the integration of LoRaWAN technology within educational settings but also paves the way for rapid prototyping of IoT nodes. The incorporation of block programming for LoRa and LoRaWAN using the Arduinoblocks framework as a graphical environment enhances the capabilities of the tool, positioning it as a comprehensive solution for efficient firmware generation. In addition to the visual tool for firmware generation, multiple compatible hardware solutions enable easy, economical, and stable development, offering a comprehensive hardware and software solution. The hardware proposal is based on an ESP32 microcontroller, known for its power and low cost, in conjunction with an RFM9x module that is based on SX127x LoRa transceivers. Finally, three successfully tested use cases and a discussion are presented.