Reducing stigma impacting children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: The development of a common multi-component stigma reduction intervention

Abstract

Introduction Stigmatisation impedes health and quality of life. Evidence regarding stigma reduction interventions is, albeit growing, limited. There is a gap in the availability and evidence of interventions for reducing stigma among children and adolescents, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper describes the process that led to a stigma reduction intervention impacting children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, following previously conducted formative research. Methods In this study, we conducted (i) online stakeholder consultations (FGD) (n = 43), including a survey assessing intervention acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility and scalability (n = 16); and (ii) preliminary field-testing of intervention content online and in a refugee settlement in Uganda. Findings Stakeholder consultation showed the initial version of STRETCH (Stigma Reduction to Trigger Change for Children), albeit positively received, required adaptations. We made adjustments to i) take into account implementation duration, intervention flexibility and intersectionality; (ii) strengthen the involvement of individuals, including adolescents/youth, with lived stigma experience; (iii) target people close to individuals with lived stigma experience; and (iv) address feasibility and sustainability concerns. Preliminary field-testing simplified STRETCH while adding a community outreach component and revisiting the intervention setup, to ensure STRETCH can also be applied from a modular perspective. Conclusion We conducted a process to develop a child-focused multi-component stigma reduction intervention, with intended applicability across stigmas and settings. This paper provides an overview of the intervention development process, generating intervention-specific learnings with generic value. STRETCH aims to reduce stigmatisation at the implementing organisation, create community-wide reflection and stigma reduction demand, and reduce stigmatisation among various target groups.

Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of social-emotional skills in school-based prevention programs

“…Stigma is a social process aimed at excluding individuals who are considered potential sources of illness and may pose a threat to effective social life; individuals who are stigmatized experience passive negative emotional reactions from dominant others[ 52 ]. Stigmatization has undeniable direct and indirect harmful effects on children and adolescents[ 53 ]. The discrimination and shame brought about by stigma can result in worsened mental health conditions or increased mental illness burden among adolescents[ 54 ], leading to the emergence of suicidal ideation or suicidal behaviors.…”