Reducing Stroke in Women with Risk Factor Management: Blood Pressure and Cholesterol

Baghshomali, Sanam; Bushnell, Cheryl

doi:10.2217/whe.14.47

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Moreover, adequate blood pressure reduction, cessation of cigarette smoking and the use of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation are the most effective modifiable RFs in stroke prevention 24 . Among the women, RFs in this study are similar to those found in other studies [25][26] . However, researchers mention that unlike Causians, large-vessel thrombosis, cerebral venous thrombosis, and cardioembolism are common among young Asian women with stroke 27 .…”

Section: Type Of Stroke and Other Rfssupporting

confidence: 91%

Profile of Stroke Patients Admitted to Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok

Sulaiman¹,

Al-Rawi²

2018

DMJ

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Background: Stroke remains an outstanding worldwide disease process that results in high mortality and significant mental and physical disabilities. Stroke inflicts profound economic burden on both individual and governmental budgets. Patients and Methods: This study has been designed to describe the profile of stroke patients in our locality. A cross sectional study design with consecutive sampling procedure were used to enroll nine hundred fifty patients who were admitted the Neurology Ward of Azadi General Teaching Hospital in Duhok during the period between January and December 2014. A suitable data sheet was designed to accommodate the relevant patient's data. Patients suspected of having vascular anomalies and / or neoplastic lesions and traumatic cases were excluded. Results: Out of 950 patients, the females were 510 (53.7%) age range 23-105 years (mean 63.9±SD 13.1 years), while the rest were 440 (46.3%) males, age range 25-98 years (mean 65.4±SD 13.1years). The majority of patients 684 (70%) had their ages between 50-79 years. There were 803 (84.5%) ischaemic strokes, while haemorrhagic strokes accounted for 147 (15.5%) of cases. The patients' populations suffering identifiable RFs were as follow: obesity 734 (77.3%), hypertension 568 (59.8%), hyperlipidaemia 235 (24.7%), smoking 191 (20.1%), previous stroke 190 (20%), heart disease 153 (16.1.3%), diabetes mellitus 77 (8.1 %). Although 21 (2.2%) patients had no gross identifiable RFs, however, the rest of patients had one or more apparent risk factors. Regarding outcome during the admission period, 133 (14%) patients had died; mortality rate among ischaemic stroke had been 86/803 (10.7%) while among haemorrhagic stroke 47/147 (32%). Conclusions: The findings in this study show many similarities to other studies worldwide. Although the present study has thrown the light on few common risk factors for stroke, both of modifiable and non-modifiable nature, at a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Duhok City, which includes a multiethnic community, it is recommended that further detailed and well-designed medical and statistical research to be conducted in this community in order to study genetic predisposition to stroke, setup preventive measures, implement proper management protocols aiming at improving the outcome, and directing health authorities planning health services for those surviving the stroke disorder.

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Section: Type Of Stroke and Other Rfssupporting

confidence: 91%

Profile of Stroke Patients Admitted to Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok

Sulaiman¹,

Al-Rawi²

2018

DMJ

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“…Women over 80 have higher mortality and poorer functional outcomes compared to age-matched men after stroke. Previous studies have reported that women have a longer life expectancy than men, and that women are 4–6 years older than men at the onset of stroke, which may account for their higher disability rate and poorer prognosis ( 9 , 10 ). TIA prevalence rates vary, depending on the age distribution of the study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Risk Factors for Transient Ischemic Attack in a Chinese Population

et al. 2021

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Introduction: This study aimed to collect and evaluate basic information of a stroke screening population in eastern China and to compare distribution differences in risk factors between males and females in a transient ischemic attack (TIA) population.Methods: A standardization of the risk factors for stroke was performed according to an implementation plan of stroke in a high-risk population screening and intervention project in Shandong Province. Of the 231,289 residents, 8,603 patients with a previous TIA were identified and risk factors in this cohort were analyzed for sex differences.Results: In our initial cohort of 231,289 residents, we found 3,390 men and 5,213 women with TIA, accounting for a prevalence of 3.1 and 4.2%, respectively. Risk factors for TIA were hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, smoking, lack of exercise, overweight, and family history of stroke. In our TIA cohort, we found that the prevalence of smoking was significantly higher in men (41.3%) compared with that found in women (4.2%). Further, hypertension (58.8 vs. 55.5%) and family history of stroke (22.3 vs. 20.0%) were more prevalent in men compared with women, whereas atrial fibrillation (AF) (14.7 vs. 16.4%), diabetes (11.1 vs. 13.2%), lack of exercise (27.2 vs. 28.0%), and overweight (29.5 vs. 35.7%) were less prevalent.Conclusions: In our TIA cohort from eastern China, we found significant sex differences for the risk factors of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, diabetes, and overweight.

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“…It is possible that differences between men and women in the extent of improvement are partly explained by women in some countries being more sensitive to health information, having better health seeking behaviour, and having better access to primary prevention. [34, 35] An alternative explanation is that neuro-vascular risk factors are more frequent and severe in men and have declined faster in women, for example tobacco. [36, 37]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Stroke Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

et al. 2015

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Background: Accurate information on stroke burden in men and women are important for evidence-based healthcare planning and resource allocation. Previously, limited research suggested that the absolute number of deaths from stroke in women was greater than in men, but the incidence and mortality rates were greater in men. However, sex differences in various metrics of stroke burden on a global scale have not been a subject of comprehensive and comparable assessment for most regions of the world, nor have sex differences in stroke burden been examined for trends over time. Methods: Stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and healthy years lost due to disability were estimated as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 Study. Data inputs included all available information on stroke incidence, prevalence and death and case fatality rates. Analysis was performed separately by sex and 5-year age categories for 188 countries. Statistical models were employed to produce globally comprehensive results over time. All rates were age-standardized to a global population and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were computed. Findings: In 2013, global ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) incidence (per 100,000) in men (IS 132.77 (95% UI 125.34-142.77); HS 64.89 (95% UI 59.82-68.85)) exceeded those of women (IS 98.85 (95% UI 92.11-106.62); HS 45.48 (95% UI 42.43-48.53)). IS incidence rates were lower in 2013 compared with 1990 rates for both sexes (1990 male IS incidence 147.40 (95% UI 137.87-157.66); 1990 female IS incidence 113.31 (95% UI 103.52-123.40)), but the only significant change in IS incidence was among women. Changes in global HS incidence were not statistically significant for males (1990 = 65.31 (95% UI 61.63-69.0), 2013 = 64.89 (95% UI 59.82-68.85)), but was significant for females (1990 = 64.892 (95% UI 59.82-68.85), 2013 = 45.48 (95% UI 42.427-48.53)). The number of DALYs related to IS rose from 1990 (male = 16.62 (95% UI 13.27-19.62), female = 17.53 (95% UI 14.08-20.33)) to 2013 (male = 25.22 (95% UI 20.57-29.13), female = 22.21 (95% UI 17.71-25.50)). The number of DALYs associated with HS also rose steadily and was higher than DALYs for IS at each time point (male 1990 = 29.91 (95% UI 25.66-34.54), male 2013 = 37.27 (95% UI 32.29-45.12); female 1990 = 26.05 (95% UI 21.70-30.90), female 2013 = 28.18 (95% UI 23.68-33.80)). Interpretation: Globally, men continue to have a higher incidence of IS than women while significant sex differences in the incidence of HS were not observed. The total health loss due to stroke as measured by DALYs was similar for men and women for both stroke subtypes in 2013, with HS higher than IS. Both IS and HS DALYs show an increasing trend for both men and women since 1990, which is statistically significant only for IS among men. Ongoing monitoring of sex differences in the burden of stroke will be needed to determine if disease rates among men and women continue to diverge. Sex disparities related to stroke will have important ...

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Reducing Stroke in Women with Risk Factor Management: Blood Pressure and Cholesterol

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Profile of Stroke Patients Admitted to Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok

Profile of Stroke Patients Admitted to Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok

Sex Differences in Risk Factors for Transient Ischemic Attack in a Chinese Population

Sex Differences in Stroke Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

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