Reducing teachers' unfounded beliefs through critical‐thinking education: A non‐r<scp>andomized</scp> controlled trial

Caroti, Denis; Arciszewski, Thomas

doi:10.1002/acp.3969

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Existing interventions (e.g. prebunking, debunking, critical thinking training, and scientific literacy enhancement; (Caroti et al., 2022; Krekó, 2020; van der Linden et al., 2021)) have been shown to be efficient in reducing the endorsement of CBs. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of those interventions have been applied in a cancer care setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conspiracy beliefs and intention to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines: Two vignette studies

Fournier,

Varet

2023

British J Health Psychol

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ObjectiveConspiracy beliefs (CBs) can have substantial consequences on health behaviours by influencing both conventional and non‐conventional medicine uptake. They can target powerful groups (i.e. upward CBs) or powerless groups (i.e. downward CBs). Considering their repercussions in oncology, it appears useful to understand how CBs are related to the intentions to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines (CAM).Design and MethodsThis paper includes two pre‐registered online correlational studies on a general French population (Study 1 N = 248, recruited on social media Mage = 40.07, SDage = 14.78; 205 women, 41 men and 2 non‐binaries; Study 2 N = 313, recruited on social media and Prolific, Mage = 28.91, SDage = 9.60; 154 women, 149 men and 10 non‐binaries). We investigated the links between generic and chemotherapy‐related CBs and intentions to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines. Study 2 consisted of a conceptual replication of Study 1, considering the orientation of CBs.ResultsGeneric CBs and chemotherapy‐related CBs appear strongly and positively correlated, negatively correlated with intentions to take conventional medicine and positively with intentions to take CAM. The link between generic CBs and medication intention is fully mediated by chemotherapy‐related CBs. When distinguished, upward CBs are a stronger predictor of chemotherapy‐related CBs than downward CBs.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that intentions to use medicine are strongly associated with CBs. This has several important implications for further research and practice, notably on the presence and effects of CBs on medication behaviours in cancer patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conspiracy beliefs and intention to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines: Two vignette studies

Fournier,

Varet

2023

British J Health Psychol

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“…Another limitation is the dearth of research examining the long-term effects of interventions (Bogart et al, 2021;Caroti & Arciszewski, 2022;Cookson et al, 2021), hindering the estimation of effect decline and utility of intervention repetition. Unfortunately, the intervention content and the content of the outcome measure were not matched in studies with intervention repetition, which likely underestimates the repetition potential and requires further examination.…”

Section: Research Gaps and Future Research Avenuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of interventions addressing conspiracy beliefs: a meta-analysis

Stasielowicz

2024

Preprint

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Since new implausible conspiracy theories emerge frequently and are thought to have detrimental effects on individuals and society (e.g., vaccine hesitancy, prejudice, and worse interpersonal relationships), developing effective interventions to reduce conspiracy beliefs is urgent. The present Bayesian three-level meta-analysis with 273 effect sizes from 56 independent samples (N = 27,996) provides the first comprehensive overview of factors affecting intervention effectiveness, including characteristics of samples, interventions, and conspiracy beliefs. The findings indicate that interventions tend to be moderately effective (g = 0.16, 95% CR [0.12, 0.20]). However, effect sizes exhibited substantial variability. By adopting evidence-based recommendations, such as tailoring intervention content to the outcome content and avoiding single-item measures of conspiracy beliefs, intervention effectiveness can be enhanced to g = 0.3 or higher. Furthermore, the identified research gaps, such as the scarcity of research on long-term effects, provide valuable insights for further improvements in this research area.

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“…The follow-up measure was carried out one month after, during class time, as planned per students' normal school calendar. Besides questions related to gender, age and class type (8 th or 9 th grade), the questionnaire included the two following measures of UB adapted in French and validated in prior studies, and measures of behavioral intentions to check information and source, including in school settings (see Caroti et al, 2022; all descriptive statistics can be seen in Table 1).…”

Section: [Insert Table 2 Here]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Thinking Education to Decrease Conspiracy and Paranormal Beliefs Among Secondary School Students: a Phase I Trial.

Caroti,

Adam-Troian,

Theraud

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Unfounded beliefs (UB; i.e. beliefs that are not supported by scientific evidence), such as paranormal and conspiracy beliefs remain prevalent globally. Far from being innocuous, UB pose various public health (e.g. vaccine hesitancy) and societal hazards (e.g. anti-democratic attitudes). Despite mounting concerns in the current context of growing misinformation and the so-called infodemic, there remains a lack of effective educational interventions suitable for K-12 contexts to prevent UB among children. In this paper, we report the results of a phase I randomized-controlled trial assessing a novel critical thinking (CT) education intervention among secondary school students in France (8th and 9th graders, n = 135). The intervention consisted in eight weekly, 1-hour long classes. Its content was designed to improve children’s capability, favourable attitudes, and motivation towards exerting rational judgment, to impact the cognitive processes at play behind UB (e.g., overreliance on intuition, ontological confusions, underestimation of randomness as a causal force). Relative to placebo (class as usual), children in the intervention group displayed less conspiracy beliefs immediately post-intervention (d = .55) and one-month afterwards (d = .58, follow-up). The intervention had globally a stronger immediate effect on paranormal beliefs levels, (d = .74), but these reverted to pre-intervention levels one month after. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the very first randomized trial to demonstrate the effectiveness of a feasible, standardized CT education intervention in decreasing both paranormal and conspiracy beliefs among secondary school students.

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Reducing teachers' unfounded beliefs through critical‐thinking education: A non‐randomized controlled trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Conspiracy beliefs and intention to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines: Two vignette studies

Conspiracy beliefs and intention to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines: Two vignette studies

The effectiveness of interventions addressing conspiracy beliefs: a meta-analysis

Critical Thinking Education to Decrease Conspiracy and Paranormal Beliefs Among Secondary School Students: a Phase I Trial.

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