Reduction and Block Staining of Human Hair Shafts and Insect Cuticles by Ammonium Thioglycolate to Enhance Transmission Electron Microscopic Observations

Satō, Shigeru; Sasaki, Yoshihiro; Adachi, Akiko; Omi, Tokuya

doi:10.4236/jcdsa.2013.32025

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Within the cortex region we find disk-shaped areas of about 300 nm diameter, where the infrared absorption is reduced (that is, the protein content is reduced). Their size and distribution corresponds to that of melanin granules observed in electron microscopy images 53 . However, we found that nano-FTIR spectra of the individual granules can differ significantly from each other.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of organic samples based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy

et al. 2017

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Infrared nanospectroscopy enables novel possibilities for chemical and structural analysis of nanocomposites, biomaterials or optoelectronic devices. Here we introduce hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy with a tunable bandwidth-limited laser continuum. We describe the technical implementations and present hyperspectral infrared near-field images of about 5,000 pixel, each one covering the spectral range from 1,000 to 1,900 cm−1. To verify the technique and to demonstrate its application potential, we imaged a three-component polymer blend and a melanin granule in a human hair cross-section, and demonstrate that multivariate data analysis can be applied for extracting spatially resolved chemical information. Particularly, we demonstrate that distribution and chemical interaction between the polymer components can be mapped with a spatial resolution of about 30 nm. We foresee wide application potential of hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging for valuable chemical materials characterization and quality control in various fields ranging from materials sciences to biomedicine.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of organic samples based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy

et al. 2017

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“…All samples had well defined endocuticle and exocuticle. Additionally, gray-control (G-Control), black AA (B-AA) and white AA (W-AA) samples presented an intact A-layer with a higher electron density than the endo-and exocuticle (Popescu & Höcker, 2007;Bhushan, 2008;Sato et al, 2013). Noticeably, AA samples, and particularly W-AA ( (Tobin, Fenton & Kendall, 1990a, 1990bTobin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair concentrations of heavy metals like arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury, were correlated with their presence in the internal organs, blood and urine (Robbins, 2012). TEM is an essential tool to assess the homogeneity of a sample and study biological systems at near-atomic-level resolution (Wagner et al, 2007;Sato et al, 2013;Kinsler et al, 2013;Smentkowski, 2014). SAXS is a powerful method providing detailed micro-to nanoscale structural and physical information (the specific inner surface, surface to volume ratio, or lattice type and dimensions) for a variety of systems (Schnablegger & Singh, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into human hair: SAXS, SEM, TEM and EDX for Alopecia Areata investigations

Coroabă¹,

Chiriac

Săcărescu³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Alopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease and affects up to 2% of the population. There is a need for a more profound and rigorous understanding of the structure and composition of human hair affected by AA in order to manage this disease. The aim of this article is to understand the effects of AA on the structure and composition of human hair. Methods Several physico-chemical investigation methods, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and microbeam Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), were used to analyze human hair samples obtained from healthy donors and patients with AA. Results SEM revealed more severe hair surface defects for the white regrown hair (W-AA) samples. TEM showed the presence of air-like vesicles located in the endocuticle of regrown hair. Analysis of ultrathin sections of W-AA showed the existence of empty vesicles and smaller melanin granules compared to control samples. SAXS demonstrated that unaffected hair of patients with AA (B-AA) and W-AA melanin aggregates are different in their sizes and shapes compared to the control samples. EDX data showed that W-AA elemental composition was significantly different from the other sample groups. Our study showcases promising non-invasive techniques for a better and more accurate understanding of changes in the internal structure and composition of hair affected by AA.

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“…Therefore, we tested thicknesses of the abdominal cuticles of psyllids to analyze the differences in intractability of the two morphotypes. Cuticle thickness measurement was performed according to the definition described in previous studies: that arthropod cuticle is composed of two layers, the outer protein-rich epicuticle and the procuticle (including exocuticle and endocuticle), which presents as a lamellar base structure based upon electron micrographs [50,51].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different predation capacities and mechanisms of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on two morphotypes of pear psylla Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Zhang

Qin

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Pear psylla, Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang & Li) are present as two seasonal morphotypes in pear orchards where they, suck phloem sap, defoliate pear trees, and cause fruit russet. Despite the importance of natural enemies in psyllid control, the interactions between predators and the two seasonal morphotypes of psyllids remain poorly documented. Here we determined the predation efficiencies of the Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) on the two psyllid morphotypes. Predation of H . axyridis on both morphotypes conformed to a Type II functional response: the proportion of consumed psyllids decreased with increasing prey densities. Predation efficiency of H . axyridis against the winterforms increased with temperature when measured from 8 to 25°C. Predation rate on the summerforms was significantly higher than that of the winterforms. This was linked to smaller body size, higher soluble protein level, thinner cuticle, and lower chitin content of summerform psyllids compared to winterform psyllids. Predation capacities of H . axyridis on both morphotypes indicated its potential as a biocontrol agent in psyllids management. Predation efficiency was higher on summerforms, likely due to the difference in body size, exoskeleton fragility, and nutritional value between the two morphotypes. Due to the Type II functional response of H . axyridis to both morphotypes of pear psylla, application of H . axyridis in pear orchards under suitable temperatures could be taken into consideration for suppression of C . chinensis , although further experiments conducted in field conditions are needed to validate our findings.

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Reduction and Block Staining of Human Hair Shafts and Insect Cuticles by Ammonium Thioglycolate to Enhance Transmission Electron Microscopic Observations

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of organic samples based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy

Hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of organic samples based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy

New insights into human hair: SAXS, SEM, TEM and EDX for Alopecia Areata investigations

Different predation capacities and mechanisms of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on two morphotypes of pear psylla Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

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