Reduction in blood pressure associated with high polyunsaturated fat diets that reduce blood cholesterol in man

Iacono, James M.; Marshall, Mary W.; Dougherty, R M; Wheeler, Marcia A.; Mackin, J.F.; Canary, John J.

doi:10.1016/0091-7435(75)90031-6

Cited by 125 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A variety of dietary factors has also been incriminated as causes of high blood pressure, including salt, fat, sugar, and meat, 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and social correlates of blood pressure among Japanese men in Hawaii.

Reed¹,

McGee²,

Yano³

1982

Hypertension

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SUMMARY A cohort of more than 8000 Japanese men living in Hawaii was studied for factors associated with blood pressure levels, with an emphasis on biological and sociocultural variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of more than 50 variables indicated that obesity, age, hematocrit, heart rate, forced vital capacity, serum triglyceride, serum uric acid, cigarette consumption, and family history of hypertension were independently associated with both cross-sectional levels and longitudinal changes in blood pressure. Serum glucose and alcohol consumption were associated with cross-sectional levels only. There was little evidence of association for specific dietary items, type of diet, diet changes, or use of salt. The two most common hypotheses offered to explain these findings focus upon diet and life style changes on one side, and psychosocial factors such as stressful life changes and status incongruity on the other. 3 The existing studies are inconsistent, however, and provide no clear means of sorting out the relative merits of these different hypotheses. "4 This is partly due to a lack of studies that examine the different types of variables in the same group of subjects. We report a study of blood pressure of Japanese men living in Hawaii measured at a 6-year interval. A broad range of life style and sociocultural characteristics as well as standard biological measurements were available for analysis. MethodsThe Honolulu Heart Program is a prospective study of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke among a cohort of Japanese men born between 1900 and 1919 and living on Oahu in 1965. About 12% of this group were migrant farmers from southern Japan who were recruited for agricultural labor in Hawaii, 54% were born on the rural outer islands of Hawaii and later migrated to Honolulu, and 34% were born in Honolulu. Of the Hawaiian-born men, about 10% were sent to Japan for 10 or more years of school. Details of the examination and laboratory tests have been described elsewhere. "7 Briefly, 8006 men completed the initial examination during the years 1965 to 1968, and 6858 of them returned for the third examination 6 years after the first examination. Information concerning demographic, sociocultural, and medical history were obtained during a structured interview by a nurse interviewer. Blood pressure was measured twice by a nurse and once by a physician at the first examination, and once by each at the third examination. A mercury manometer with a standard cuff was applied to the left arm of a seated subject. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was recorded as the fifth Korotkoff phase. The mean of all available blood pressure measurements for each subject was used. When qualitative groupings of blood pressure were used, they followed the WHO standards. 8 Resting heart rates were obtained from EKG recordings.Evaluation of each man's diet was done by a dietitian using the 24-hour recall method. Blood specimens were collected 1 hour after a 50 g glucose load, and chemical determinations were made at the USPHS H...

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“…A variety of dietary factors has also been incriminated as causes of high blood pressure, including salt, fat, sugar, and meat, 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and social correlates of blood pressure among Japanese men in Hawaii.

Reed¹,

McGee²,

Yano³

1982

Hypertension

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“…20 In the prospective Nurses' Health Study, dietary fatty acids showed no association with the 4-year incidence of hypertension. 21 An increase in linoleic acid intake has been shown to reduce BP both in combination with reduced fat intake [22][23][24][25] and with unchanged fat intake. [26][27][28][29] In contrast to these findings, several studies have failed to show an effect on BP by increased intake of linoleic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of effect on blood pressure by low fat diets with different fatty acid compositions

Aro

Pietinen

et al. 1998

J Hum Hypertens

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We compared the effects on blood pressure (BP) of three isocaloric diets with reduced total fat and saturated fatty acid (SAFA) contents but with different proportions of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Diet LF (low fat) provided 20 en% fat (7.9% SAFA, 7.8% MUFA, 3.0% PUFA); diet HP (high PUFA) 26 en% fat (7.5% SAFA, 8.2% MUFA, 8.1% PUFA), and diet HM (high MUFA) 26 en% fat (7.3% SAFA, 14.1% MUFA, 3.2% PUFA). The diets were consumed for 8 weeks (intervention) preceded by 2 weeks and followed by 8 weeks on a habitual diet (baseline/ switchback) with 33-34 en% fat (13-14% SAFA, 12% MUFA, 6% PUFA). Forty-five free-living couples were randomly allocated into the three diet groups, and 43 men and 44 women completed the study. BP was measured weekly with an automatic device. Compliance to diet was monitored by repeated food records, serum

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“…17 " 22 It is possible that diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids alter the composition of plasma fatty acids to favor those that inhibit aldosterone production.…”

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confidence: 99%

Salt loads raise plasma fatty acids and lower insulin.

et al. 1991

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Some fatty acids are potent inhibitors of angiotensin binding and aldosterone production in adrenal glomerulosa cells and thereby may be involved in regulating salt and water balance. To study the possible regulation of fatty acids by salt, we measured the levels of unesterified fatty acids in plasma from patients subjected to extremes of dietary salt intake and saline infusion. Insulin and catecholamines, two known regulators of plasma fatty acids, also were measured. Infusion of 2 1 saline over 4 hours caused the levels of most unesterified fatty acids to rise. Total unesterified fatty acids rose 60-100%. A high salt diet caused a smaller rise in total unesterified fatty acids (approximately 33%). In both instances, oleic and palmitoleic acids showed the greatest proportionate increases, whereas stearic acid was relatively unaffected. When salt loads were administered by either intravenous or dietary routes, plasma insulin levels fell by approximately 50%. Plasma norepinephrine increased after saline infusion but not during a high salt diet Postsaline levels of fatty acids correlated inversely with postsaline levels of aldosterone, supporting a possible role for fatty acids as physiological regulators of the adrenal glomerulosa. A rise in plasma fatty acids and fall in insulin in response to salt loads could act in concert to increase sodium excretion, constituting a physiological mechanism contributing to salt and water balance. (Hypertension 1991;17:958-964) W hile studying the interaction of angiotensin with adrenal glomerulosa cells, we found that some fatty acids are potent inhibitors of angiotensin receptors and aldosterone secretion. 1 Among naturally occurring fatty acids, the most potent inhibitors are several unsaturated, long-chain congeners, including oleic (18:1), linoleic(18:2), and arachidonic (20:4) acids. These fatty acids inhibit aldosterone secretion in vitro at concentrations in the micromolar range. We also obtained evidence that bovine, rat, and rabbit adrenal glomerulosa cells are under tonic inhibition by endogenous fatty acids, inhibition that can be reversed by washing the cells

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Reduction in blood pressure associated with high polyunsaturated fat diets that reduce blood cholesterol in man

Cited by 125 publications

References 26 publications

Biological and social correlates of blood pressure among Japanese men in Hawaii.

Biological and social correlates of blood pressure among Japanese men in Hawaii.

Lack of effect on blood pressure by low fat diets with different fatty acid compositions

Salt loads raise plasma fatty acids and lower insulin.

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