“…Such knowledge is in great need for effective development of new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for HF, an endstage cardiac disease with poor clinical prognosis. The pathophysiologic hallmark of HF is a weakened cardiac calcium transient (Gómez et al, 1997;Litwin et al, 2000;Gómez et al, 2001), which can be attributed to t-tubule remodeling (Lyon et al, 2009;Louch et al, 2010;Wei et al, 2010) and dyad uncoupling (Gómez et al, 1997;Gómez et al, 2001;He et al, 2001;Louch et al, 2006;Bito et al, 2008;Louch et al, 2010). T-tubule remodeling marks the transition from hypertrophy to failure (Wei et al, 2010), contributing to the progression of HF (see reviews in (Brette and Orchard, 2003;Brette and Orchard, 2007;Louch et al, 2010;Ferrantini et al, 2013;Guo et al, 2013;Ibrahim and Terracciano, 2013)).…”