Reduction in flight activity and food consumption by the desert locust, <i>Schistocerca gregaria</i> Forskål (Orth., Cyrtacanthacrinae), after infection with <i>Metarhizium flavoviride</i>

Seyoum, Emiru; Moore, D.; Charnley, A.K.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1994.tb00805.x

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Consistent with our previous observations, mycosed insects showed a progressive decline in appetite (Seyoum et al, 1994); the first deaths occurred 5 days after inoculation.…”

Section: Onset Of Behavioral Fever In Mycosed Locustssupporting

confidence: 90%

Eicosanoid involvement in the regulation of behavioral fever in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria

Bundey

Raymond

Dean

et al. 2003

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The desert locust Schistocerca gregaria behaviorally thermoregulates in order to try and maintain a favoured "set point" body temperature. Locusts infected with the deuteromycete fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae var acridumchoose a significantly elevated temperature. This "behavioral fever" greatly delays the progress of mycosis. We have confirmed this phenomenon and shown that desert locusts also fever when infected with the bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens. Elevation in the prefered environmental temperature occurs also upon injection with laminarin and lipopolysaccharide (microbial cell wall components). Since such treatments also stimulate the immune system it would appear that "behavioral fever" is probably a feature of the immune response. The eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor dexamethasone prevented laminarin invoked fever. This effect was reversable by arachidonic acid. Therefore in common with the febrile response in mammals behavioral fever in insects may be mediated locally by circulating eicosanoids.

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“…Consistent with our previous observations, mycosed insects showed a progressive decline in appetite (Seyoum et al, 1994); the first deaths occurred 5 days after inoculation.…”

Section: Onset Of Behavioral Fever In Mycosed Locustssupporting

confidence: 90%

Eicosanoid involvement in the regulation of behavioral fever in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria

Bundey

Raymond

Dean

et al. 2003

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…In contrast, lack of appetite and reduced feeding rate are characteristic of several fungal infections and usually result in lower growth rate (Johnson and Pavlikova 1986;Hajek and StLeger 1994). Prior to death, diseased grasshoppers and locusts exhibited a reduction in feeding following exposure to M. anisopliae (Moore et al 1992;Seyoum et al 1994;Thomas et al 1997;Arthurs and Thomas 2000). Besides pathological effects, the need to regulate body temperature may reduce feeding opportunities of infected hosts (Lactin and Johnson 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Behavioral thermoregulation in the migratory locust: a therapy to overcome fungal infection

2004

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We examined under laboratory conditions the thermopreference of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides, following infection by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and its influence on mycosis. Infected locusts raised their body temperature more frequently than healthy conspecifics through selection of high temperatures in a heat gradient. Thermoregulation did not, however, alter the frequency of feeding events nor the amount of food eaten by infected L. migratoria. A thermoregulation regime of a minimum of 4 h/day substantially increased survival of inoculated insects (by 85%). However, the therapeutic effect decreased when thermoregulation was delayed following inoculation of the pathogen. Thermoregulation reduced locust mortality but did not completely eliminate the fungus from infected hosts; the fungus grew and killed the insects when thermoregulation was interrupted. We suggest that periodic, short bouts of thermoregulation, when performed from the onset of infection and for an extended period of time, are sufficient to provide a therapeutic effect to infected hosts. Such thermoregulatory capacity of locusts may limit the potential of fungal pathogens as biological control agents under certain ecological conditions.

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“…Reduced food consumption is the most likely cause. Schistocerca gregaria eats less when infected with Metarhizium [15], and Manduca sexta stops feeding altogether [16]. However, an increase in metabolism with infection could also increase mass loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response of Mormon Crickets That Survived Infection byBeauveria bassiana

Srygley

Jaronski

2011

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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Beauveria bassiana(Fungi: Ascomycota) is an entomopathogenic fungus that serves as a biological control agent of Mormon cricketsAnabrus simplexHaldeman (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and other grasshopper pests. To measure the dose-dependent response of Mormon crickets to fungal attack, we appliedB. bassianastrain GHA topically to adults using doses of 5.13 × to 1.75 × conidia in sunflower oil, with oil only as a control. After three weeks, we assessed the survivors' hemolymph for fungal cells, active phenoloxidase (PO), and lysozyme. Mortality increased and body mass of survivors decreased with conidial dose. survivors' PO activity was elevated to the same level independent of dose. Those with fungal cells visible in their hemolymph did not differ in PO activity from those with clear hemolymph. We conclude that circulating PO may be an important enzymatic defense againstBeauveriainfection and that it is associated with attempted clearing ofBeauveriablastospores and hyphae from Mormon cricket hemolymph.

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Reduction in flight activity and food consumption by the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orth., Cyrtacanthacrinae), after infection with Metarhizium flavoviride

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Eicosanoid involvement in the regulation of behavioral fever in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria

Eicosanoid involvement in the regulation of behavioral fever in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria

Behavioral thermoregulation in the migratory locust: a therapy to overcome fungal infection

Immune Response of Mormon Crickets That Survived Infection byBeauveria bassiana

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