Reduction in the earthworm metabolomic response after phenanthrene exposure in soils with high soil organic carbon content

McKelvie, Jennifer; Åslund, Melissa Whitfield; Celejewski, Magda; Simpson, André J.; Simpson, Myrna J.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.018

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This method is fast and can determine quantitative changes in the levels of metabolites, such as amino acids and sugars, provoked by an external stressor [26,27,28,29,30]. Being an untargeted technique, such an analysis can be reproduced accurately across different laboratories [31,32,33,34,35,36], providing insights into the reaction of the organism to an external source of stress, its molecular endpoints in terms of changes in metabolite levels, and in depicting the mode of toxicity of the contaminants [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Zhang

Zhou

2019

Molecules

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Although metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M are widely used fungicides, very little is known about their subacute and enantiospecific effects on the earthworm metabolome. In this study, Eisenia fetida were exposed to metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M at three concentrations (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg) for seven days. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based untargeted metabolomics showed that metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M exposure disturbed earthworms’ metabolism at all three concentrations. Endogenous metabolites, such as succinate, arginine, aspartate, urea, asparagine, alanine, trimethylamine, taurine, cysteine, serine, threonine, histidine, lysine, glucose, choline, carnitine, citric acid, alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, fumaric acid and so on, were significantly changed. These results indicate that metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M produce different, enantiospecific disturbances in the earthworm metabolism, particularly in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles. The application of untargeted metabolomics thus provides more information for evaluating the toxic risks of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Zhang

Zhou

2019

Molecules

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“…These types of studies are very informative and provide toxicological endpoints but do not always provide information about the toxic mode of action of the pollutant at sublethal levels [1]. A promising tool that has emerged to assess organism responses to sublethal pollutant exposure is 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. This technique quickly and quantitatively measures changes in a range of metabolites such as sugars and amino acids in response to an external stressor [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics

Dani

Simpson

2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Atrazine toxicity to earthworms is still not fully understood, particularly at sublethal concentrations. Because of the ubiquity of atrazine in the environment, it is imperative to understand the impacts of atrazine presence to soil-dwelling organisms. To examine this in detail, we used H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to elucidate earthworm (Eisenia fetida) responses after 48 h of atrazine exposure in contact tests. Earthworms were exposed to 4 sublethal concentrations of 362.4, 181.2, 90.6, and 45.3 ng/cm , which correspond to 1/8th, 1/16th, 1/32nd, and 1/64th of the median lethal concentration (LC50) values, respectively. After exposure, polar metabolites were isolated from earthworm tissues and analyzed using H NMR spectroscopy. Sublethal atrazine exposure induced a nonmonotonic response with respect to exposure concentration and caused an overall suppression in earthworm metabolism. Maltose, fumarate, malate, threonine/lactate, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), betaine, scyllo-inositol, glutamate, arginine, and glutamine were the metabolites identified as most sensitive to atrazine exposure. These observed fluctuations in the metabolic profile suggest that atrazine reduced ATP synthesis and negatively impacted the health of earthworms after acute sublethal exposure. Our study also demonstrates the utility of NMR-based metabolomics for the basic assessment of sublethal toxicity, which can then be used for more targeted approaches with other molecular techniques. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:473-480. © 2017 SETAC.

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Conventional Extraction Techniques:Soxhlet and Liquid–Liquid Extractions and Evaporation

Daso

Okonkwo

2015

Analytical Separation Science

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This chapter presents a general overview of the traditional extraction techniques commonly applied to both solid and liquid matrices are evaluated with a view to emphasize their sustained significance in a rapidly changing analytical chemistry discipline as evidenced with the introduction of newer and more sophisticated extraction techniques. For this purpose, the conventional Soxhlet extraction technique for solid matrices and the traditional liquid‐liquid extraction techniques for liquid matrices are critically evaluated. The use of evaporation as a traditional method for extraction and/or separation of target analytes are also considered to further bolster the relevance of this technique in modern analytical chemistry studies. Besides the conventional sample extraction techniques such as Soxhlet extraction (SE), liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE), and mechanical shaking, newer and more sophisticated techniques such as microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), also known as pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), have been developed.

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Reduction in the earthworm metabolomic response after phenanthrene exposure in soils with high soil organic carbon content

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics

Conventional Extraction Techniques:Soxhlet and Liquid–Liquid Extractions and Evaporation

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Reduction in the earthworm metabolomic response after phenanthrene exposure in soils with high soil organic carbon content

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics

Conventional Extraction Techniques:Soxhlet and Liquid–Liquid Extractions and Evaporation

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Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics