Reduction in unstimulated salivary flow rate in burning mouth syndrome

Poon, Renee; Su, Nan; Ching, Victor; Darling, Mark; Grushka, Miriam

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.884

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although many BMS patients complain the feeling of dry mouth, most of the studies have shown that the salivary flow rate in BMS patients is the same as in controls (Hershkovich and Nagler, 2004;Granot and Nagler, 2005;de Moura et al, 2007). However, recently, in contrast to Boras et al (2010), Lee et al (2015) and Poon et al (2014) reported decreased unstimulated salivary flow rates in primary BMS patients compared to those of healthy controls, however, without any differences in stimulated salivary flow rates.…”

Section: Hyposalivation and Xerostomiamentioning

confidence: 95%

Pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome with special focus on taste dysfunction: a review

et al. 2015

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Primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral condition characterized by burning pain often accompanied with taste dysfunction and xerostomia. The most compelling evidence concerning BMS pathophysiology comes from studies on the somatosensory system using neurophysiologic or psychophysical methods such as blink reflex, thermal quantitative sensory testing, as well as functional brain imaging. They have provided convincing evidence for neuropathic involvement at several levels of the somatosensory system in BMS pain pathophysiology. The number of taste function studies trying to substantiate the subjective taste disturbances or studies on salivary factors in BMS is much more limited, and most of them suffer from definitional and methodological problems. This review aims to critically evaluate the existing literature on the pathophysiology of BMS, paying special attention to the correctness of case selection and the methodology used in published studies, and to summarize the current state of knowledge. Based on the recognition of several gaps in the current understanding of the pathophysiology of BMS especially as regards taste and pain system interactions, the review ends with future scenarios for research in this area.

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Section: Hyposalivation and Xerostomiamentioning

confidence: 95%

Pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome with special focus on taste dysfunction: a review

et al. 2015

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“…The affected patients are mostly peri-or postmenopausal women, and there is a clear association with psychological comorbidities. Interestingly, the unstimulated salivary flow rate has been found to be lower in patients with BMS [89][90][91][92].…”

Section: Burning Mouth Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Pain: A Comprehensive Review and Proposal for a Pragmatic Diagnostic Approach

et al. 2020

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Background: Facial pain, alone or combined with other symptoms, is a frequent complaint. Moreover, it is a symptom situated at, more than any other pain condition, a crosspoint where several disciplines meet, for example, dentists; manual therapists; ophthalmologists; psychologists; and ear-nose-throat, pain, and internal medicine physicians besides neurologists and neurosurgeons. Recently, a new version of the most widely used classification system among neurologists for headache and facial pain, the International Classification of Headache Disorders, has been published. Objective: The aims of this study were to provide an overview of the most prevalent etiologies of facial pain and to provide a generic framework for the neurologist on how to manage patients presenting with facial pain. Methods: An overview of the different etiologies of facial pain is provided from the viewpoint of the respective clinical specialties that are confronted with facial pain. Key message: Caregivers should "think outside their own box" and refer to other disciplines when indicated. If not, a correct diagnosis can be delayed and unnecessary treatments might be given. The presented framework is aimed at excluding life-or organthreatening diseases, providing several clinical clues and indications for technical investigations, and ultimately leading to the correct diagnosis and/or referral to other disciplines.

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“…Mental stress and menopause suppress salivary secretion, especially unstimulated flow rate. Some studies indicated that unstimulated salivary flow rate was significantly lower in BMS patients than in controls, despite the absence of a significant difference in stimulated flow rate . Minor salivary glands are important in oral tissue lubrication, and oral dryness in resting state is considerable because of decreased secretion by minor salivary glands .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review on pathophysiology and management of burning mouth syndrome with endocrinological, psychological and neuropathic perspectives

Imamura

Shinozaki

Okada-Ogawa

et al. 2019

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oro-facial pain disorder of unknown cause. It is more common in peri-and post-menopausal women, and sex hormone dysregulation is believed to be an important causative factor. Psychosocial events often trigger or exacerbate symptoms, and persons with BMS appear to be predisposed towards anxiety and depression. Atrophy of small nerve fibres in the tongue epithelium has been reported, and potential neuropathic mechanisms for BMS are now widely investigated. Historically, BMS was thought to comprise endocrinological, psychosocial and neuropathic components. Neuroprotective steroids and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands may have pivotal roles in the peripheral mechanisms associated with atrophy of small nerve fibres. Denervation of chorda tympani nerve fibres that innervate fungiform buds leads to alternative trigeminal innervation, which results in dysgeusia and burning pain when eating hot foods. With regard to the central mechanism of BMS, depletion of neuroprotective steroids alters the brain network-related mood and pain modulation. Peripheral mechanistic studies support the use of topical clonazepam and capsaicin for the management of BMS, and some evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioural therapy. Hormone replacement therapy may address the causes of BMS, although adverse effects prevent its use as a first-line treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may have important benefits, and well-designed controlled studies are expected. Other treatment options to be investigated include brain stimulation and TSPO (translocator protein 18 kDa) ligands. K E Y W O R D Sburning mouth syndrome, central pain modulation, menopause, neuroprotective steroids | 575 IMAMURA et Al. | INTRODUC TI ONBurning mouth symptoms that occurred as secondary phenomena attributable to local conditions 1-9 were previously referred to as "secondary" burning mouth syndrome (BMS), 10 but BMS now refers only to burning symptoms not attributable to local or systemic causes. 11 After excluding such conditions, some common characteristics of BMS are important. Burning sensations are usually bilateral, and intensity fluctuates. 2 The most common site is the tip of the tongue, but pain is often noted at the lateral border of the tongue, lips and hard palate. 12 Affected persons often complain of dysgeusia, 13 which may be accompanied by subjective xerostomia. 14 Peri-and post-menopausal women are predisposed to the condition.Some patients exhibit depressive symptoms and anxiety 15-18 and may express concern regarding the presence of a malignant condition. 10,16 Psychosocial stressors can trigger or worsen pain, 15,19 while eating and drinking usually alleviate pain. 10,20 These manifestations are characteristic features of BMS and should not be excluded as secondary signs or symptoms of primary disease. Agreement on these clinical features yields important clues in understanding the underlying pathoph...

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Reduction in unstimulated salivary flow rate in burning mouth syndrome

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome with special focus on taste dysfunction: a review

Pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome with special focus on taste dysfunction: a review

Facial Pain: A Comprehensive Review and Proposal for a Pragmatic Diagnostic Approach

An updated review on pathophysiology and management of burning mouth syndrome with endocrinological, psychological and neuropathic perspectives

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