Reduction in Water Stress for Tree Saplings Using Hydrogels in Soil

Kargar, Mehdi; Suresh, Rahul; Legrand, Matthew; Jutras, Pierre; Clark, O. Grant; Prasher, Shiv O.

doi:10.4236/gep.2017.51002

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Variation in chlorophyll level among different seasons may be attributed to the sensibility of this pigment to increased water stress, which may result in the reduction of plant defenses, especially during the dry season, which is in areement with the results found by other researchers (Smirnoff 1995;Larcher 2006;Kiani et al 2008;Hayatu & Mukhtar 2010;Moura et al 2016;Kargar et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seasonal variation in gas exchange by plants of Erythroxylum simonis Plowman

et al. 2018

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Erythroxylum simonis is an understory species found in Northeast Brazil. Due to its shaded habitat, E. simonis is subjected to seasonal oscillations of the environment, to which it must respond ecophysiologically. Th e objective of this study was to evaluate the eff ects of seasonality on the ecophysiology of E. simonis in a fragment of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Leaf area index, visible sky fraction and photosynthetically active radiation were measured for 10 individuals during the dry and rainy seasons. Soil moisture, temperature and monthly precipitation were measured, as well as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO 2 concentration, transpiration, instantaneous water use effi ciency, instantaneous carboxylation effi ciency and chlorophyll content. Ecophysiological variables were correlated with environmental variables, with a greater association of rainfall and soil moisture with stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rate, indicating that water availability has an eff ect on the ecophysiology of E. simonis. With the exception of instantaneous carboxylation effi ciency, gas exchange exhibited signifi cant diff erences among the months studied, with the highest values being for months with greater water availability, thus showing that the ecophysiology of the species responds to seasonal changes throughout the year.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seasonal variation in gas exchange by plants of Erythroxylum simonis Plowman

et al. 2018

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“…Our results suggest that, at least within the temperate zone, ecosystem service estimates for urban forests may be improved by incorporating a proxy for urban heat, such as impervious surface cover. To maximize ecosystem services in the face of multiple, increasing stressors, urban foresters could invest in hydration strategies such as appropriate soil quality and soil volume, and hydrogels (Kargar et al., ). For long‐term urban forest health, management strategies could include planting drought‐tolerant tree species (Percival, Keary, & Sulaiman, ) and genotypes (Zwack, Graves, & Townsend, ) in the hottest areas within cities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water availability drives urban tree growth responses to herbivory and warming

Meineke

Frank

2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Urban forests provide important ecosystem services to city residents, including pollution removal and carbon storage. Climate change and urbanization pose multiple threats to these services. However, how these threats combine to affect urban trees, and thus how to mitigate their effects, remains largely untested because multi‐factorial experiments on mature trees are impractical. We used a unique urban warming experiment paired with a laboratory chamber experiment to determine how three of the most potentially damaging factors associated with global change for urban and rural trees—warming, drought, and insect herbivory—affect growth of Quercus phellos (willow oak), the most commonly planted large shade tree in the southeastern US, which is known for its resilience to these potential stressors. In a previous study, we found that the urban heat island effect was associated with reduced growth of Q. phellos and higher abundance of Parthenolecanium scale insects, key pests of oaks in cities. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tree water stress is the mechanism for these effects of warming. We found evidence that water stress is a major, interactive factor reducing urban tree growth, but found no evidence that water stress is associated with Parthenolecanium survival or abundance. Warming and Parthenolecanium only reduced growth in Q. phellos saplings that were simultaneously water stressed. Synthesis and applications. Across many temperate cities worldwide, urban trees grow less than rural trees. Our results point to water stress as the most likely driver for this pattern. Importantly, we found that water stress both reduces tree growth on its own and exacerbates effects of warming and insect pests on tree growth. Therefore, management strategies targeted at increasing tree hydration in cities may reduce effects of these three key stressors that are expected to intensify with further urbanization and climate change.

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“…Increasing the SAP application to the soil, increased the yield of rice plants under normal conditions and under stress compared to the control plants [19]. The increased yield under stress conditions in soils treated with S-SAP can be explained by the ability of SAP to slowly release water and nutrients [30]. These effects in paddy can be attributed to several factors improved by hydrogel application such as root zone moisture retention and the reduced leaching of soil nutrients surrounding the roots.…”

Section: Rice Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Improvement of Water Use Efficiency in Rice Cultivation Using Bio-Based Superabsorbent

Masoumi¹,

Bahmanyar²,

Emadi³

et al. 2023

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The current water scarcity threatens the sustainable production of paddy fields. The application of superabsorbent (SAP) prepared by biodegradable materials is of significant importance. The main objective of this research is to consider the effect of starch-SAP (S-SAP) on water use efficiency for rice cultivation and compare that with commercial-SAP (C-SAP) in greenhouse conditions with a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was drought stress at three levels and the second factor was SAP application at 11 levels. The S-SAP had high performance for water absorption and in turn the SEM, FT-IR and TGA results showed that the polyacrylic acid chain has been successfully bonded to the starch backbone leading the highly porous S-SAP. The greenhouse results significantly indicated that the drought stress, SAP (C-SAP and S-SAP) levels and interaction effects were effective on the water use efficiency. The application of 0.1% of the SAP improved the maximum water absorption capacity up to 42.96% enhancing the water use efficiency up to 11% compared with the control. Overall, the use of S-SAP was effective in elevating the water use efficiency in rice cultivation and the application of 4gr kg -1 N-enriched S-SAP was the optimum application rate for calcareous paddy fields.

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Reduction in Water Stress for Tree Saplings Using Hydrogels in Soil

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Seasonal variation in gas exchange by plants of Erythroxylum simonis Plowman

Seasonal variation in gas exchange by plants of Erythroxylum simonis Plowman

Water availability drives urban tree growth responses to herbivory and warming

Improvement of Water Use Efficiency in Rice Cultivation Using Bio-Based Superabsorbent

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