Reduction of aflatoxin in freshly harvested maize using solar dryers

Oni, E.O.; Komolafe, Clement A.; Badmos, A O; Kareem, Sarafadeen Olateju; Waheed, M. A.; Oluwafemi, Flora

doi:10.1002/jsfa.11842

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In general, AF concentrations decreased gradually with regards to the moisture content (15%–12%–10%). The highest concentrations of AF were observed in maize stored in polyethylene bags compared to jute or plastic containers [ 31 ]. The effect of drum drying on the production of Penicillium verrucosum and OTA in rye was studied by Kristensen, et al [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Hoffmans

Schaarschmidt

Fauhl-Hassek

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are naturally present in cereal-based feed materials; however, due to adverse effects on animal health, their presence in derived animal feed should be minimized. A systematic literature search was conducted to obtain an overview of all factors from harvest onwards influencing the presence and concentration of mycotoxins in cereal-based feeds. The feed production processes covered included the harvest time, post-harvest practices (drying, cleaning, storage), and processing (milling, mixing with mycotoxin binders, extrusion cooking, ensiling). Delayed harvest supports the production of multiple mycotoxins. The way feed materials are dried after harvest influences the concentration of mycotoxins therein. Applying fungicides on the feed materials after harvest as well as cleaning and sorting can lower the concentration of mycotoxins. During milling, mycotoxins might be redistributed in cereal feed materials and fractions thereof. It is important to know which parts of the cereals are used for feed production and whether or not mycotoxins predominantly accumulate in these fractions. For feed production, mostly the milling fractions with outer parts of cereals, such as bran and shorts, are used, in which mycotoxins concentrate during processing. Wet-milling of grains can lower the mycotoxin content in these parts of the grain. However, this is typically accompanied by translocation of mycotoxins to the liquid fractions, which might be added to by-products used as feed. Mycotoxin binders can be added during mixing of feed materials. Although binders do not remove mycotoxins from the feed, the mycotoxins become less bioavailable to the animal and, in the case of food-producing animals, to the consumer, lowering the adverse effects of mycotoxins. The effect of extruding cereal feed materials is dependent on several factors, but in principle, mycotoxin contents are decreased after extrusion cooking. The results on ensiling are not uniform; however, most of the data show that mycotoxin production is supported during ensiling when oxygen can enter this process. Overall, the results of the literature review suggest that factors preventing mycotoxin production have greater impact than factors lowering the mycotoxin contents already present in feed materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Hoffmans

Schaarschmidt

Fauhl-Hassek

et al. 2022

Toxins

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show abstract

“…On other hands, the moisture for all feedstuffs was measured at average 7.41 and the correlation coefficient (R 2 ) was very small and did not show high variability between factor moisture and agents. The low moisture in the feedstuffs may be ascertain an excellence storage condition after harvest, where grains or other fresh commodities preserve in polyethylene sacks which can prevent from intensive contamination with mould [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins Hazard Assessment of Feedstuffs from Multiple Sources Products Commercially Imported for Iraq

Abdulhameed

Sayhood

Al-wan

2023

Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

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Contamination feedstuffs with fungi or their metabolites toxins poses considerable hazard to public health and animal welfare. The information on mycotoxins identified from a variety of feedstuff in 2021 (soyabean, maize, fish meals, and poultry pellets) was retrieved from archive papers documented in the Centre of Standardization and Quality Control/Department of Agriculture. A total of 1325 samples feedstuff were examined by this Centre using the direct ELISA test to detect aflatoxins, ochratoxin, and trichothecene. The aflatoxin was identified in 67 (5.05%) samples followed by ochratoxin in 52 (3.92%) samples and Trichothecene (T2) in 50 (3.77) samples. Additionally, the results were showed the co-infection/co-occurrence of mycotoxins from positive samples of soyabean, fish meals, and poultry pellet, although this contamination within acceptable level. Only two samples of poultry feed were determined to have contamination levels above the acceptable limit, as 21ppb with aflatoxins and 19ppb with ochratoxin contamination. The moisture levels were also measured for these commodities by NIR apparatus. From statistics outputs, the squared correlation coefficient (R2) did not share too much variability between moisture and degree of contamination with three mycotoxins identified. The study concluded that mycotoxins remain to be a concern for global health, and their residues in animal feed are important in terms of health safety standards that propose adhering to food chain regulations in commercial markets.

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“…It took 50 h to decrease moisture content from 0.60 to 0.059 g g -1 w.b. Oni et al (2022) compared modern fabricated solar dryer (MFSD) (Figure 37), hybrid biomass dryer (HBD) (Figure 38) and open-air drying (OAD) methods of maize to prevent aflatoxin-contamination. According to the results, a faster drying process with a reduction of aflatoxin in solar dried maize samples were obtained.…”

Section: Solar Drying Research In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 38. Solar biomass dryer (Oni et al, 2022). transpired solar air heater and conducted experiments for maize drying (Figure 39 and Figure 40).…”

Section: Solar Drying Research In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Solar Drying in Nigeria

OKONKWO

Ertekin²

2022

Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research

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Nigeria, as one of the countries in the African continent has its challenges regarding to agricultural crops cultivation and its preservation methods. Traditional methods of preserving crops are commonly adopted by the local populace over solar dryer appliances. The reason for these includes being cheaper method, does not require much technical know-how, is easily learnable, the area for drying the agricultural crop produce being unlimited etc as when compared to solar dryers that needs materials to be fabricated, required little or medium knowledge of technical know-how, financial requirement for its fabrication which could range from few dollars to thousands of dollars. Solar dryer working principles, components, various classifications, and its mode of air movement and mode of heat transfer were discussed on this article. The article also reviewed some of the experimental researches on solar drying in Nigeria carried out by various scholars. The review of the published works on solar drying of various crops under different drying techniques were carefully studied. The results showed that, significant works on solar drying in Nigeria have been carried out even though its potential is greatly under-utilized due to various factors militating against it.

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Reduction of aflatoxin in freshly harvested maize using solar dryers

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Mycotoxins Hazard Assessment of Feedstuffs from Multiple Sources Products Commercially Imported for Iraq

Review on Solar Drying in Nigeria

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