Reduction of Aldehydes Using Sodium Borohydride under Ultrasonic Irradiation

Firdaus, Maulidan; Handayani, Nestri; Marfu’ah, Lina Tri

doi:10.22146/ijc.21168

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to control the reaction through green chemistry processes, which can reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. Applications of ultrasound methods in green chemistry processes establish benefits such as low cost, short time, saving energy, reduced number of steps in a reaction, allowing on-site treatment, and environmentally friendly [19][20].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Ethers from Banana (<i>Musa balbisiana</i> Colla) Blossom Cellulose: Synthesis and Multivariate Optimization

Salama,

Firdaus,

Suryanti

2024

Indones. J. Chem.

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Cellulose ethers are biocompatible polymers which have attracted considerable attention for various applications due to their physical and mechanical properties. The present work aims to find the optimum condition for synthesizing cellulose ethers from banana blossom cellulose (BBC) such as methylcellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The ultrasonication-assisted method as an energy source is used to shorten the synthesis time at room temperature and obtain high yields. The influences of various parameters (NaOH concentration, etherification agents, and sonication time) were analyzed using a multivariate statistical modeling response surface methodology (RSM). The materials were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and TGA. The cellulose ethers obtained have the potential as food additives with DS values of 2.0, 0.7, and 0.86, respectively. MC was synthesized optimally with a yield of 96.52% using a composition of cellulose (0.4 g), 50% (w/v) NaOH (10 mL) and dichloromethane (6 mL). CMC was synthesized optimally with a yield of 98.26% using a composition of cellulose (0.4 g), 30% (w/v) NaOH (2 mL) and monochloroacetic acid (1 g). HPC was synthesized optimally with a yield of 97.51% using a composition of cellulose (0.4 g), 10% (w/v) NaOH (2 mL) and propylene oxide (1.5 mL).

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Ethers from Banana (<i>Musa balbisiana</i> Colla) Blossom Cellulose: Synthesis and Multivariate Optimization

Salama,

Firdaus,

Suryanti

2024

Indones. J. Chem.

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“…Remarkably, the espousal of water as a solvent in organic synthesis is a prominent improvement in green chemistry. 3 However, the reaction without solvent is preferable, as simpler, more efficient, and environmentally benign, 4 which thus, could be applied in the Cannizzaro reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the reaction time and the yield of the product might be different depending on the grinding power. 4 In the case of reflux, the limitation of the Cannizzaro reaction is generally carried out in a hazardous organic solvent with a relatively long reaction time. The Cannizzaro reaction involving benzaldehyde and a KOH base in water was reported by Furniss et al at room temperature for 24 hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Metrics Evaluation on The Cannizzaro Reaction of p-Anisaldehyde and Benzaldehyde Under Solvent-Free Conditions

Firdaus,

Firdausi,

Rahmana

et al. 2023

Valensi

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In the pursuit of environmentally responsible chemical processes, we conducted a thorough assessment of the green metrics associated with the Cannizzaro reaction using p-anisaldehyde and benzaldehyde under solvent-free conditions. This research elaborates the application of two different methods i.e., reflux and ultrasonication, applying potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the reagent. The progress of the Cannizzaro reaction was methodically followed via thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the resulting products were characterized using various techniques, including melting point analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). To measure the environmental impact and sustainability of these reactions, a multifaceted approach was used. Green metrics were evaluated by the state-of-the-art Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses (EATOS) software, combined with the Andraos algorithm. Moreover, energy consumption calculations were evaluated. Reasonable analysis of the green metrics results was undertaken in the framework of prevailing literature, permitting to measure the level of eco-friendliness attained. Experimental findings revealed optimal conditions for the Cannizzaro reaction concerning p-anisaldehyde at a temperature of 50 °C for 90 minutes, resulting in remarkable of p-anisyl alcohol and p-anisic acid in 95.16% and 95.04% yields, respectively. Likewise, the reaction involving benzaldehyde reached its peak performance at 50 °C for 2 hours, giving benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid in 96.17% and 97.22% yields, respectively. Overall, the green metrics assessment and energy consumption calculations reliably confirmed that the solvent-free Cannizzaro reaction, when performed via ultrasonication, offers a reasonably greener and more energy-efficient method than the traditional ones. This research highlights the importance of sustainable chemical synthesis practices and their potential to reduce the environmental footprint of chemical processes.

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“…Although this method is efficient and effective, it has several limitations, such as a small aggregate of samples might possibly be lost, which results in poor yields due to the difficulty of recovering the sample; since the grinding is performed by hand, it is difficult to quantify the required energy. Depending on the applied power, strong and weak grinding might affect the reaction time and the achieved product [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-less Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols Using CrO3/Al2O3 under Ultrasonic Irradiation

et al. 2022

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Alcohol oxidation plays an essential contribution to the chemical industry. Innovative green techniques, such as ultrasound irradiation, could be economically remarkable by enhancing reaction yield. In this research, the design and improvement of a new green ultrasound-assisted oxidation of alcohols procedure using CrO3 supported by Al2O3 with the addition of a small amount of t- butanol were reported. The oxidation of alcohols was also done without ultrasound irradiation to study the sonochemical effect. Based on FTIR and GC/MS analyses, the alcohols were effectively oxidized into their corresponding aldehydes in satisfactory yields (74–93%). The yield of the obtained aldehydes was increased by applying the ultrasonic irradiation technique, and no over-oxidation products were found. Overall, the innovative procedure offers several benefits, such as being easy to use, environmentally friendly, capable of improving yields, and having shorter oxidation times.

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Reduction of Aldehydes Using Sodium Borohydride under Ultrasonic Irradiation

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Cellulose Ethers from Banana (<i>Musa balbisiana</i> Colla) Blossom Cellulose: Synthesis and Multivariate Optimization

Cellulose Ethers from Banana (<i>Musa balbisiana</i> Colla) Blossom Cellulose: Synthesis and Multivariate Optimization

Green Metrics Evaluation on The Cannizzaro Reaction of p-Anisaldehyde and Benzaldehyde Under Solvent-Free Conditions

Solvent-less Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols Using CrO3/Al2O3 under Ultrasonic Irradiation

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