Reduction of anxiety in children facing hospitalization and surgery by use of filmed modeling.

Melamed, Barbara G.; Siegel, Lawrence J.

doi:10.1037/h0076896

Cited by 398 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A variety of formats have been examined for preparation, such as computer programs, 26 videos, 27,28 puppets, 29 written summaries, 30 and live models. 31 Typically, the formats combine some diversion along with didactics and experiential learning.…”

Section: Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

2008

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Pediatric venous access causes unnecessary anxiety and pain in children and, in turn, can have detrimental consequences. Behavioral approaches to pediatric venous access distress management can be organized temporally. Specifically, preparation before the procedure includes providing children with sensory and procedural information in an age-appropriate manner and providing training in coping skills. It is important to consider the timing, format, and content of the approach to provide optimal preparation for the unique circumstances of the individual patient. In addition to the child patient, preparing parents and teaching them which specific behaviors might be most helpful to their child should prove valuable to both patient and parents. During the procedure, there are benefits to providing secure and comfortable positioning. In addition, researchers recommend that adults encourage children to cope and actively engage children in distracting activities. For infants, there is support for the distress-mitigation properties of swaddling, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and sucrose. After venous access, distraction and encouragement of coping should speed recovery. In sum, research in behavioral approaches to pediatric pain management has provided recommendations for minimizing children's anxiety and pain associated with venous access. Pediatrics 2008;122:S134-S139 P EDIATRIC PAIN FROM medical procedures results in short-term suffering, but there are recent data to indicate that there are also long-term detrimental effects. Specifically, early painful insults might have lasting negative effects on neuronal development, pain threshold and sensitivity, coping strategies, emotionality, and pain perceptions. 1,2 As an example, Bijttebier and Vertommen 3 showed that children with a history of negative medical experiences showed high anxiety before venipuncture and were distressed and uncooperative during the procedure. Childhood medical pain has also been linked to later adulthood fear, pain, and avoidance of medical care. 4 In addition, high pain at medical visits predicts missed future medical appointments and poor health care follow-up. [5][6][7] Fortunately, there is a rich body of data supporting behavioral strategies that mitigate the anxiety and pain associated with pediatric medical procedures generally, 8 and children's needle-related pain in particular. 9 Nonpharmacologic or behavioral approaches to acute pediatric pain are rooted in the gate-control theory. 10,11 The theory suggests that descending nerve impulses from the brain, such as thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and attention, can influence the ascending pain signal from the tissue damage. For example, anxiety might heighten pain experience, whereas attention focused on a pleasant activity might decrease pain. Thus, behavioral interventions typically involve teaching coping, inducing relaxation, or providing distraction. Although literature documenting the efficacy of behavioral interventions for children's acute medical pain exists, the data...

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Section: Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

2008

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“…50,[85][86][87] This technique is based on social learning theory 88 and aims to facilitate learning by exposing children, via film, videotape, photographs, or written materials, to a model who copes with similar circumstance in a positive manner and/or with positive outcomes. Through the model, anticipated emotions can be conveyed and thus normalized, effective coping demonstrated, and information given about the sequence of events and anticipated sensations.…”

Section: Peer Modeling and Peer Counselingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Preparing Children and Adolescents for Invasive Cardiac Procedures

Leroy¹,

Elixson²,

O′Brien³

et al. 2003

Circulation

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“…It is important to be aware of the variety of objects and situations that provoke fear in children and adolescents. There are inventories with good psychometric properties available that can be administered to children, parents or teachers that can help professionals to assess which situations potentially cause fear and of what intensity; including scales to assess fear of hospital (31,32) or dental procedures (33,34) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenho medo de quê?

Schöen

Vitalle

2012

Rev. paul. pediatr.

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Objective: To determine whether male and female adolescents report currently experiencing fear and to identify their most common causes of fear.Methods: This was a descriptive, prospective, crosssectional study of a convenience sample, involving analysis of questionnaires administered to adolescents seen at a public university adolescent clinic between 2004 and 2006. The adolescents self-administered the Youth Self Report (YSR -a screening tool for behavioral problems) while in the waiting room. The responses to item 29, "I am afraid of certain animals, situations or places other than school. (Describe)" were analyzed. The chi-square test was used to determine whether age group (10-12, 13-15 or 16-19 years) and gender were associated with responses to item 29 of the YSR.Results: 323 adolescents' questionnaires were analyzed, 184 (57%) of whom were female. Fear was more common among the females (p=0.009). There was a significant association between the responses to item 29 and age group. Older adolescents were more likely to check the option "often true" than younger adolescents (p=0.048). There were a variety of different causes of fear, but animals predominated.Conclusions: Among these adolescents, fear tended to be associated with the female gender and older age groups. Education, culture and preservation of the species may affect the degree of fear in females. In contrast with reports in the literature, in this study older students reported more fear, perhaps due to greater awareness of the emotion or due to the expectations of the age group analyzed.Key-words: adolescent; adolescent behavior; fear; adolescent medicine; adolescent health. RESUMOObjetivo: Verificar se adolescentes de ambos os sexos referem o medo como uma emoção presente e quais são as causas mais comuns de medo.Métodos: Estudo descritivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal, com determinação da amostra por conveniência, que envolveu a análise de questionários aplicados aos adolescentes atendidos entre 2004 e 2006 em um ambulatório de Medicina do Adolescente. Os adolescentes responderam na sala de espera o Youth Self Report (YSR) -instrumento de triagem para problemas de comportamento. Foram analisadas as respostas ao item 29 -"tenho medo de animais, situações ou lugares, sem incluir a escola. Quais?" O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar a associação entre as faixas etárias (10-12, 13-15 e 16-19 anos) e sexo com o item 29 do YSR.Resultados: Avaliaram-se 323 protocolos, 184 (57%) eram do sexo feminino. A emoção medo foi predominante no sexo feminino (p=0,009). Houve uma associação significante entre as respostas ao item 29 e a faixa etária, em que os mais velhos assinalaram mais a opção "frequentemente presente" do que os mais novos (p=0,048). Os motivos de medo foram diversos, mas os animais predominaram.Conclusões: A emoção medo esteve mais associada ao sexo feminino e a faixa etária dos adolescentes mais velhos. A educação, a cultura e a preservação da espécie podem estar influenciando a Palavras-chave: adolescente; co...

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Reduction of anxiety in children facing hospitalization and surgery by use of filmed modeling.

Cited by 398 publications

References 36 publications

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

Recommendations for Preparing Children and Adolescents for Invasive Cardiac Procedures

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