Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

Abstract

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on glassy carbon (GC) was studied by applying different potential regimes and monitoring the effect of the electrode surface conditioning, as well as the nature of supporting electrolyte, upon the nature of the reaction. In the case of constant potential electrolyses, a rapid decay of the cathodic current was observed, while application of a suitable pulse program to the working electrode, in addition to the ultrasonic cleaning of the surface, allowed completion of the reaction without premature current downfall. Modification of the electrode surface, by applying potential pulses, caused a decrease of the reduction potential of CO 2 on glassy carbon. High yields in carbon monoxide and methanol were obtained in these media, with the highest value obtained for methanol in sodium chloride and carbon monoxide in ammonium oxalate.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Copper-Supported Titanium Oxide Nanotubes as Electrocatalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Oxide to Organics

“…The current densities were found to be in the range of 7-10 mA/cm 2 (0.007-0.01 A/cm 2 ) [70]. A similar range of current densities is reported by Lui et al [71]. This observation is consistent with the physical characterization results explained in the earlier sections.…”

Investigation on Electroreduction of CO2 to Formic Acid Using Cu3(BTC)2 Metal–Organic Framework (Cu-MOF) and Graphene Oxide

“… 16 An efficient reduction process is rated in terms of the faradic efficiency, formation of selective products, which in turn depends on the fabricated electrode, concentration of the analyte, nature of the electrolyte, redox potential, etc. 17 − 26 In the electrochemical CO 2 conversion process, the imperative factor deciding the efficiency are electrode materials and electrolyte systems. 27 , 28 Such properties are exhibited by metals like Cd, Pb, Ag, In, Cu, etc., and these metal possess a large overpotential for H 2 production and are regarded as good catalysts, facilitating the reduction process.…”

“…For an effective reduction, the role of the catalyst should promote the charge-transfer process across the electrode, a less overpotential in a hydrophilic atmosphere to give converted products . An efficient reduction process is rated in terms of the faradic efficiency, formation of selective products, which in turn depends on the fabricated electrode, concentration of the analyte, nature of the electrolyte, redox potential, etc. − In the electrochemical CO 2 conversion process, the imperative factor deciding the efficiency are electrode materials and electrolyte systems. , Such properties are exhibited by metals like Cd, Pb, Ag, In, Cu, etc., and these metal possess a large overpotential for H 2 production and are regarded as good catalysts, facilitating the reduction process . In spite of these efforts, the process lacks efficiency, and in this regard, it is imperative to find alternative and efficient catalysts that can deliver the product with good efficiency and at a reduced overpotential.…”

Long-Term Continuous Conversion of CO2 to Formic Acid Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

“…As noted elsewhere, , a high overpotential is needed to generate CO 2 •– radicals. So, hydrogen evolution is a competitive reaction, which hampers the effective formation of CO 2 •– radicals.…”