Reduction of chemical oxygen demand and color from the rice mill wastewater by chitosan/2(5 H )-furanone-incorporated ultrafiltration membrane system

Recycling of wet grinding industry effluent using effective Microorganisms™ (EM)

“…At every time of sample collection, the effluent appeared as a dense milky white liquid with a bad odour, as the effluent was loaded with organic substances and their anaerobic oxidizing nature, a general phenomenon with the food industry effluents [ 17 , 52 ]. Colour removal from the effluent and its appearance like natural water was achieved when the effluent was recycled using EM in this experiment.…”

“…Adoption of different treatment procedures have been followed, using coagulation process in the potato chips industry and rice mills and in cassava products industries [ [14] , [15] , [16] ]. Ultra-membrane filtration [ 17 ]; nano-absorbent methods [ 18 ]; phyto-remediation, using algal treatment [ 19 , 20 ] and anaerobic processes [ 21 ] have also been employed in the effluent treatment processes. Chemical treatment in several cases indulges in the incomplete degradation of pollutants [ 22 ], also the use of chemical coagulant is found to increase the sludge volume, eventually causing severe environmental contamination [ 23 ].…”

Application of hydrophobic selective stimuli‐responsive polymer membranes in organic pollutant treatment in aqueous phase

“…The mechanical properties of the polymer membrane were tested using a computer‐controlled electronic universal testing machine. The constant speed tensile method was used during the testing process 38 . At room temperature, the polymer membrane was cut into 5 cm × 10 mm sample strips, and the thickness of the film was measured using a spiral micrometer (around 50 μm).…”

“…The constant speed tensile method was used during the testing process. 38 At room temperature, the polymer membrane was cut into 5 cm  10 mm sample strips, and the thickness of the film was measured using a spiral micrometer (around 50 μm). The film strip was fixed on the fixture of the electronic tensile testing machine, and the test was carried out at a stretching speed of 10 mm/s.…”

Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials

“…An example of chitosan-grafted magnetic nanoparticles used for oily wastewater treatment is demonstrated in Figure 2 . In some advanced wastewater treatments using membranes, some chitosan nanoparticles are embodied into ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes to reduce chemical oxygen demands, color, metal ions, and to enhance the antifouling properties [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Various applications of chitosan nanoparticles in drinking water purification and agricultural/industrial wastewater treatment are summarized in Table 1 .…”