Reduction of Chloronitrobenzenes by Aqueous Ammonium Sulphide: Triphase Catalysis by Anion Exchange Resin

Abstract

The reduction of chloronitrobenzenes (CNBs) by aqueous ammonium sulphide was carried out using an anion exchange resin (AER) as triphase (Liquid-Liquid-Solid) catalyst. About 66 folds enhancement in rate of reduction of p-chloronitrobenzene was obtained with 20% (W/V) loading of the catalyst. The reactions were observed to be free from mass transfer resistance with apparent activation energies of 9.3, 14.3 and 20.1 kcal/mol for m-chloronitrobenezne (m-CNB), o-chloronitrobenezne (o-CNB) and p-chloronitrobenezne (p-CNB), respectively. The rate of reduction of p-CNB was established to be proportional to the concentration of p-CNB and to the cube of the concentration of sulphide. The triphase catalyst could be reused for four times with insignificant loss in activity.

Ultrasonically Promoted Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate in Solid-Liquid Heterogeneous Phase Transfer Catalysis Condition

“…The Arrhenius plot was made to determine the energy of activation as 9.99 kcal.mol -1 ( Figure 6). This value also demonstrates that the reaction is kinetically controlled and an indicative of the interfacial mechanism [33,34].…”