Reduction of cytotoxicity and DNA double-strand break effects of wastewater by ferrate(VI): Roles of oxidation and coagulation

Wu, Qian-Yuan; Lu, Xue-Si; Feng, Mingbao; Wang, Wenlong; Du, Ye; Yang, Lu-Lin; Hu, Hong-Ying

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117667

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Xenobiotic pollutants can induce production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian cells . Excessive ROS are found to cause cytotoxicity, resulting in cell death. , Therefore, intracellular ROS levels were investigated after cells were exposed to FQs treated by ferrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed protocol is displayed in Text S9. 42 For intracellular ROS, the nonfluorescent probe DCFH-DA was converted into nonfluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) after passing through the cell membrane and undergoing hydrolysis by intracellular esterases. DCFH was further oxidized to strongly fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF) with the existence of ROS that can be monitored by a fluorescent microplate reader.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the chemicals and reagents are presented in Text S1 in the Supporting Information (SI). Potassium ferrate (K 2 FeO 4 ) (>80%) was obtained in our laboratory according to the wet chemical synthesis method. , Details of K 2 FeO 4 concentration and residual Fe(VI) determination are presented in Text S2 and S3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of living cells was measured with the kit by monitoring the 450 nm absorbance through a microplate reader (BioTek Synergy H1, Molecular Devices, USA). The detailed protocol is displayed in Text S9 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fe(V) Dominates the Toxicity Increase Pathway during Ferrate(VI) Degradation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

ACS EST Eng.

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Environmental accumulation of fluoroquinolones (FQs) has brought concerns over their potential risks to human health. This study found that ferrate (Fe(VI)) could efficiently degrade norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and levofloxacin (LEV). However, cytotoxicity to mammalian cells of NOR, CIP, and LEV dramatically increased from 9. 41, 8.34, and 11.05 mg phenol/L to 20.76, 26.13, and 32.45 mg phenol/L after reacting with Fe(VI) for 3 min. Intracellular oxidative stress in the mammalian cells also increased, suggesting the risk of applying Fe(VI) for FQ degradation. Fe(V) was demonstrated to play the major role in FQ degradation by kinetics investigation, probe contaminant (PMSO and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6sulfonate) (ABTS)), and pyrophosphate competing experiments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and toxicity prediction suggested that, in the CIP-ferrate system, Fe(V) increased the toxicity via oxidizing the piperazine group to −NH 2 . In the NOR-ferrate and LEV-ferrate systems, Fe(V) mainly attacked the quinolone ring. The unstable products underwent subsequent carboxylation or hydroxylation, leading to the further increased toxicity. The current research on micropollutant removal focused on applying various approaches to activate ferrate to generate high-valent iron intermediates with stronger oxidizing capacity. Our study gave a risk warning that high-valent iron intermediates might play an important role in increasing the toxicity of micropollutants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fe(V) Dominates the Toxicity Increase Pathway during Ferrate(VI) Degradation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

ACS EST Eng.

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“…Ferrate (Fe(VI)) is an emerging green disinfectant with strong oxidation capacity . The redox potential of Fe(VI) in acidic condition is 2.2 V, which is higher than that of other common oxidants (e.g., 2.08 V for ozone and 1.48 V for hypochlorite). − The reduced product of Fe(VI) is iron oxide or hydroxide, and no significant amount of DBPs has been detected during Fe(VI) oxidation. , Some research reported that Fe(VI) could also reduce the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of wastewater . Therefore, Fe(VI) disinfection is a promising alternative disinfection technology for water treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%