Reduction of electric-field intensification inside GIS by controlling spacer material and design

Promising functional graded materials for compact gaseous insulated switchgears/pipelines

“…New methods to optimise the E-field distribution and improve the withstand voltage of epoxy spacers have been widely researched. Currently, the idea of functionally graded materials (FGMs) has become one of the most attractive issues in the field of GIS/GIL insulation design [9][10][11][12][13]. FGM insulators with spatially graded distributions of permittivity/conductivity are designed and fabricated, showing promising performances in suppressing E-field distortions, elevating flashover voltages and simplifying insulation structures [9].…”

Some aspects of medium voltage switchgear designing with aid of numerical analysis

“…Therefore, traditional designing methodologies (used still in many factories) are replaced gradually by computer simulations that are more precise and efficient. Such a situation concerns also designing process of compact gas insulated switchgears (GIS) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Computer simulations shorten the GIS designing process and bring down the costs involved in the building of prototypes and their laboratory tests.…”

2D spatial optimisation of functionally graded materials used as insulators for field stress control

“…Impedance control is often difficult to achieve, especially since conductivity changes with temperature. Recently, the use of functionally graded materials (FGM) for electric stress control has been considered [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. FGM are materials in which one or more of the material properties present a continuous spatial variation.…”

“…Previously, many researchers have attempted to optimise the permittivity distribution of the GIS spacer [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The key differences and advantages of our method over the previously used methods are the following:…”

“…Uniform stressing of the insulator ensures its effective utilisation. In previous works [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the optimisation is carried out only to reduce the maximum electric field occurring in the spacer system. ii.…”