Reduction of Environmental Impacts Due to Using Permeable Pavements to Harvest Stormwater

Abstract

While rainwater harvesting can provide additional water resources, this approach is largely undertaken using water from roofs. More recently, the potential for using stormwater harvested from permeable pavements was recognised as a potential additional water resource. The objective of this study was to estimate the reduction of environmental impacts caused by traditional drainage systems and centralised water utilities if permeable pavement systems were used to harvest stormwater for nonpotable purposes in buildings. The lifecycle environmental impacts and costs associated with the proposed pavements and hydraulic systems were assessed. The city of Glasgow was chosen as a case study. We used the Netuno computer programme to estimate the potential for potable water savings considering the use of stormwater for nonpotable purposes and the SimaPro software to perform a lifecycle assessment (LCA). With the implementation of permeable pavements and stormwater utilisation, great reductions in lifecycle emissions (i.e., CO2-, SO2-, and PM2.5-equivalent emissions) were observed. The proposed system also proved to be economically feasible, i.e., a payback period equal to 16.9 years. The results show the economic and environmental feasibility of permeable pavements when used on a large scale, proving to be an important strategy to reduce water and environmental stresses caused by centralised water utilities and traditional drainage systems.

Permeable Pavements as a Means to Save Water in Buildings: State of the Art

“…Equation 3shows the calculation model of the Brazilian standard. Antunes et al [47] sized the layer by means of the methodology indicated by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), which is equal to Equation 1 used by Hammes et al [50].…”

“…Also, the environmental impacts of pavement maintenance were not great compared to the other steps of the project. Antunes et al [47] used the same consideration of two maintenance with vacuum suction per year. Hammes et al [50] mention that cleaning by vacuuming the pavement should be done 1 to 4 times per year.…”

Permeable Pavements as a Means to Save Water in Buildings: State of the Art in Brazil

“…Equation ( 4) shows the calculation model of the Brazilian standard. Antunes et al [47] sized the layer by means of the methodology indicated by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), which is equal to Equation (2) used by Hammes et al [50]:…”

“…Antunes et al [47] also conducted an LCA study of the use of permeable pavements with rainwater harvesting, comparing it with an impermeable pavement system and conventional water supply. However, unlike the Antunes et al [46] study, the author considered the use of permeable pavement on a large scale (on light traffic streets and pavements).…”

“…In addition, the environmental impacts of pavement maintenance were not great compared to the other steps of the project. Antunes et al [47] used the same consideration of two maintenance with vacuum suction per year. Hammes et al [50] mention that cleaning by vacuuming the pavement should be done 1 to 4 times per year.…”