Reduction of fresh gas flow requirements by a circle-modified Bain breathing circuit

Abstract

We modified a Bain circuit by placing the circuit into the Y piece of a standard carbon dioxide absorber circle, connecting the fresh gas hose on the anesthetic machine to the Bain's fresh gas inlet, and occluding the circle's fresh gas inlet. This circle-modified Bain breathing circuit was studied to evaluate whether it reduces fresh gas flow requirements. The Bain and modified Bain steady states were analyzed by mechanical and computer modeling. The mechanical model consisted of an artificial lung ventilated to steady state. Carbon dioxide was measured with capnography. Computer modeling was by compartmental analysis calculated with spread-sheet software. Steady-state solutions were obtained by numeric analysis. The circle-modified Bain greatly reduced retention of carbon dioxide. For example, with 1-liter tidal volumes, 10-liter minute volumes (10 breaths per minute), and a 2.1 L/min fresh gas flow, the steady-state end-tidal carbon dioxide values of the Bain and modified Bain were 9.3 and 4.6%, respectively, in the physical model (carbon dioxide inflow of 230 ml/min). Results from the mechanical model helped validate the computer model.

Comparison of the Bain system and Uniflow universal anaesthetic breathing systems in spontaneously breathing young pigs

“…Several authors have described adaptations of the Bain system that incorporate carbon dioxide absorbers, thus allowing lower flows to be used (Sasse et al. 1979; Kumar 1989; Valdrighi & Nance 1991; Mentell et al. 1994).…”