Reduction of individual or combined toxicity of fumonisin B1 and zearalenone via dietary inclusion of organo-modified nano-montmorillonite in rats

Abstract

Fusarium mycotoxins are nature environmental contaminants worldwide in animal feed and human food resulting in a serious health risk. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential role of organo-modified nano-montmorillonite (OMNM) against the health risk and the oxidative stress resulted from the exposure of fumonisin (FB) and zearalenone (ZEN) individually and in combination in rats. Eight groups of female Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally for 3 weeks including the control group, FB alone-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w.), ZEN alone-treated group (40 μg/kg b.w), FB plus ZEN-treated group, the group fed basal diet supplemented with OMNM (5 g/kg diet), and the groups fed basal diet supplemented with OMNM and treated with FB and/or ZEN. At the end of the experimental period, samples of blood and tissues were collected for different biochemical and histological analyses. The results revealed that administration of FB and/or ZEN resulted in significant disturbances in the biochemical parameters tested, lipid profiles, serum cytokines, oxidative stress indices, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the histological status of the liver and kidney. Co-administration of both mycotoxins indicated a synergistic effect. OMNM alone was safe and succeeded to reduce and/or prevent most of the toxicity of both mycotoxins. It could be concluded that OMNM is a novel and promising nanograde adsorbent suitable for the protection against the combined exposure to FB and ZEN.

Fumonisin B1 Accumulates in Chicken Tissues over Time and This Accumulation Was Reduced by Feeding Algo-Clay

“…No previous data on algo-clay and FB are available to enable us to compare this result with others. However, clays and their derivates have been reported to reduce FB toxicity in cell cultures and in vivo in animals [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Calcium montmorillonite clay was also reported to reduce biomarkers of fumonisins [ 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Among them, adsorbing agents are one of the most often studied, clays and their derivatives being a key group routinely used in feed, especially to prevent the absorption of aflatoxins [ 15 ]. Moreover, clays, smectites, and their derivatives have also been seen to reduce FB toxicity and to decrease urinary biomarkers of FB [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Clays are phyllosilicates whose physico-chemical properties and adsorption capacities can vary according to their mining source and the spacing between the layers.…”

Interaction between the three frequently co‐occurringFusariummycotoxins in rats

“…and ZEN (40 μg/kg b.w.) indicated a synergistic effect on serum biochemical parameters, serum lipid profile, serum cytokines and lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidney in female Sprague Dawley rats, however interaction was not supported by any statistical or mathematical model to compare expected and measured effects (El‐Nekeety, El‐Kady, Abdel‐Wahhab, Hassan, & Abdel‐Wahhab, ).…”

Fructo-Oligosaccharide (DFA III) Feed Supplementation for Mitigation of Mycotoxin Exposure in Cattle—Clinical Evaluation by a Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System

“…Strategies for the detoxification of mycotoxin-contaminated feed in a cost-effective way are still poorly developed, and the most promising approach for reduction in the risk of mycotoxin exposure remains the use of non-nutritive adsorptive materials in animal diets [ 31 ]. It was previously stated that ruminating animals develop mycotoxicoses at low frequencies, as the rumen flora act as a first line of defense against mycotoxins at the usual levels of exposure in cattle herds.…”