Reduction of Laccase Activity and Other Hypovirulence-Associated Traits in dsRNA-Containing Strains of<i>Diaporthe ambigua</i>

Smit, W. A.; Wingfield, B. D.; Wingfield, M.J.

doi:10.1094/phyto-86-1311

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Depressed production of conidia has been observed for hypovirus-infected strains of C. parasitica (51) and mycovirus-infected strains of Diaporthe ambigua (52). In addition, previous studies indicated that conidium production was reduced significantly in mycovirus-associated, hypovirulent strains of B. cinerea (53,54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Novel Partitivirus That Confers Hypovirulence on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Xiao

Chéng

Tang

et al. 2014

J Virol

131

103

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Members of the family Partitiviridae have bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes and are not generally known to cause obvious symptoms in their natural hosts. An unusual partitivirus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum partitivirus 1 (SsPV1/WF-1), conferred hypovirulence on its natural plant-pathogenic fungal host, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strain WF-1. Cellular organelles, including mitochondria, were severely damaged. Hypovirulence and associated traits of strain WF-1 and SsPV1/WF-1 were readily cotransmitted horizontally via hyphal contact to different vegetative compatibility groups of S. sclerotiorum and interspecifically to Sclerotinia nivalis and Sclerotinia minor. S. sclerotiorum strain 1980 transfected with purified SsPV1/WF-1 virions also exhibited hypovirulence and associated traits similar to those of strain WF-1. Moreover, introduction of purified SsPV1/WF-1 virions into strain KY-1 of Botrytis cinerea also resulted in reductions in virulence and mycelial growth and, unexpectedly, enhanced conidial production. However, virus infection suppressed hyphal growth of most germinating conidia of B. cinerea and was eventually lethal to infected hyphae, since very few new colonies could develop following germ tube formation. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that SsPV1/WF-1 causes hypovirulence in Sclerotinia spp. and B. cinerea. Cryo-EM (cryo-electron microscopy) reconstruction of the SsPV1 particle shows that it has a distinct structure with similarity to the closely related partitiviruses Fusarium poae virus 1 and Penicillium stoloniferum virus F. These findings provide new insights into partitivirus biological activities and clues about molecular interactions between partitiviruses and their hosts. IMPORTANCEMembers of the Partitiviridae are believed to occur commonly in their phytopathogenic fungal and plant hosts. However, most partitiviruses examined so far appear to be associated with latent infections. Here we report a partitivirus, SsPV1/WF-1, that was isolated from a hypovirulent strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and describe its biological and molecular features. We have demonstrated that SsPV1 confers hypovirulence. Furthermore, SsPV1 can infect and cause hypovirulence in Botrytis cinerea. Our study also suggests that SsPV1 has a vigorous ability to proliferate and spread via hyphal contact. SsPV1 can overcome vegetative incompatibility barriers and can be transmitted horizontally among different vegetative compatibility groups of S. sclerotiorum, even interspecifically. Cryo-EM reconstruction of SsPV1 shows that it has a distinct structure with similarity to closely related partitiviruses. Our studies exploit a novel system, SsPV1 and its hosts, which can provide the means to explore the mechanisms by which partitiviruses interact with their hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Novel Partitivirus That Confers Hypovirulence on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Xiao

Chéng

Tang

et al. 2014

J Virol

131

103

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“…The fungal hosts include several well-known plant pathogens, including Cryphonectria parasitica (17,19,20,35),5,14,23,24,25), Helminthosporium victoriae (34), Sphaeropsis sapinea (32, 38), and Diaporthe perjuncta (28,31,37). In C. parasitica, the viruses CHV1-EP713 and CHV1-Euro7 mediate hypovirulence to various degrees (7,11,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…include important pathogens of stone fruits, pome fruits, and grapevines worldwide (27,36,37). One of these species, D. perjuncta, is an important pathogen of grapevines (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolates of this pathogen have various morphologies and virulence levels. A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus has been recovered from slowly growing, nonsporulating, and hypovirulent strains of this fungus (37). These strains also have hypovirulence-associated traits, such as reduced laccase activity (37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus has been recovered from slowly growing, nonsporulating, and hypovirulent strains of this fungus (37). These strains also have hypovirulence-associated traits, such as reduced laccase activity (37). The dsRNA from an infected isolate has been sequenced and characterized and is known as Diaporthe RNA virus (DaRV) (28,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transfection of Diaporthe perjuncta with Diaporthe RNA Virus

Moleleki¹,

Heerden²,

Wingfield

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Diaporthe perjuncta is a pathogen of grapevines worldwide. A positive-strand RNA virus, Diaporthe RNA virus (DaRV), occurs in hypovirulent isolates of this fungus. A virus-free isolate from a South African grapevine was transfected with in vitro-transcribed positive strands of DaRV. Based on reverse transcription-PCR and partial sequence analysis, the transfected virus was identified as DaRV. The in vitro-transcribed RNA transcripts used to transfect fungal spheroplasts contained parts of the vector at their distal ends. These vector sequences were separated from the DaRV genome during replication in the new host. The transfected isolate had morphological features that differed from those of the isogenic virus-free strain, including production of a yellow pigment, a decreased growth rate, and lack of sporulation. An apple-based pathogenicity test did not reveal any differences in virulence between the virus-free and DaRV-transfected isolates. This study showed that virus-free fungal hosts can be successfully transfected with viruses other than the Cryphonectria parasitica hypovirus.Mycoviruses from many species of fungi have been observed and characterized at the genomic level (6,22,30). The fungal hosts include several well-known plant pathogens, including Cryphonectria parasitica (17,19,20,35),5,14,23,24,25), Helminthosporium victoriae (34), Sphaeropsis sapinea (32, 38), and Diaporthe perjuncta (28,31,37). In C. parasitica, the viruses CHV1-EP713 and CHV1-Euro7 mediate hypovirulence to various degrees (7,11,13). Vegetative compatibility groups restrict the spread of such viruses and have reduced the success of biological control through hypovirulence in the United States (1,2,3,26).The interest in viruses that infect fungi is strongly linked to the potential use of these viruses as biological control agents of plant-pathogenic fungi. An emerging area of interest is the use of mycoviruses to study basic genetic processes that lead to fungal pathogenesis (29). The fungal reaction, commonly manifested as hypovirulence-associated traits, is not a general response of the fungus to hypovirus infection but rather is a response triggered by molecular cues encoded by specific viral sequences (10, 12). Reverse genetics developed for the C. parasitica hypovirus has shown that specific mutations and deletions of specific regions of the hypovirus are associated with specific responses in the pathogen. For example, deletion of the papain-like protease, p29, from CHV1-EP713 encoded by open reading frame A restores orange pigmentation and moderately increases sporulation in transfected isolates (15).Although several mycoviral genomes have been sequenced and characterized, only the C. parasitica hypoviruses have been used in transfection and transformation studies (16). Thus, the progress in developing mycoviruses as possible biological control agents has been slow. In order to advance the field further, the reverse genetics developed for C. parasitica hypoviruses must be extended to mycoviruses with properties different from ...

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Laccase isozymes: production by an opportunistic pathogen, a Fusarium proliferatum isolate from wheat

Kwon

Anderson

2001

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

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Reduction of Laccase Activity and Other Hypovirulence-Associated Traits in dsRNA-Containing Strains ofDiaporthe ambigua

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

A Novel Partitivirus That Confers Hypovirulence on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

A Novel Partitivirus That Confers Hypovirulence on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Transfection of Diaporthe perjuncta with Diaporthe RNA Virus

Laccase isozymes: production by an opportunistic pathogen, a Fusarium proliferatum isolate from wheat

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