Reduction of Light-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Inoculated Sorghum Mesocotyls1

Lo, Sze-Chung Clive; Nicholson, Ralph L.

doi:10.1104/pp.116.3.979

Cited by 134 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Members encoding defense proteins such as various PRs and protease inhibitors, and genes in biosynthetic pathways for phenolics such as flavonone 3Ј-hydroxylase and O-methyltransferase (Lo and Nicholson, 1998;Frick and Kutchan, 1999), were up-regulated by greenbug feeding. Most of them were also positively regulated by MeJA or SA ( Table I).…”

Section: Defense and Defense-signaling Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Regulation of Sorghum Defense Determinants against a Phloem-Feeding Aphid

et al. 2004

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When attacked by a phloem-feeding greenbug aphid (Schizaphis graminum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) activates jasmonic acid (JA)- and salicylic acid (SA)-regulated genes, as well as genes outside known wounding and SA signaling pathways. A collection of 672 cDNAs was obtained by differential subtraction with cDNAs prepared from sorghum seedlings infested by greenbug aphids and those from uninfested seedlings. Subsequent expression profiling using DNA microarray and northern-blot analyses identified 82 transcript types from this collection responsive to greenbug feeding, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or SA application. DNA sequencing analyses indicated that these encoded proteins functioning in direct defense, defense signaling, oxidative burst, secondary metabolism, abiotic stress, cell maintenance, and photosynthesis, as well as proteins of unknown function. In response to insect feeding, sorghum increased transcript abundance of numerous defense genes, with some SA-dependent pathogenesis-related genes responding to greenbug more strongly than to SA. In contrast, only weak induction of MeJA-regulated defense genes was observed after greenbug treatment. However, infestation tests confirmed that JA-regulated pathways were effective in plant defense against greenbugs. Activation of certain transcripts exclusively by greenbug infestation was observed, and may represent unique signal transduction events independent of JA- and SA-regulated pathways. Results indicate that plants coordinately regulate defense gene expression when attacked by phloem-feeding aphids, but also suggest that aphids are able to avoid triggering activation of some otherwise potentially effective plant defensive machinery, possibly through their particular mode of feeding.

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Section: Defense and Defense-signaling Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Regulation of Sorghum Defense Determinants against a Phloem-Feeding Aphid

et al. 2004

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“…It is among the best studied of biosynthetic pathways in nature. [16][17][18] The optically active compounds 1 and 2 suggest a double union between two products emerging from the flavonoid pathway. It is reasonable to speculate that an organism would utilize an identical path for these structurally related natural products.…”

Section: Relevance Of the Speculative Biosynthetic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

(±)-Diinsininone: made nature's way

Selenski

Pettus

2006

Tetrahedron

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We report the synthesis of diinsininone (33), the aglycone of (±)-diinsinin (2). Thereby, we complete the first construction of a proanthocyanidin (PA) type-A compound incorporating a [3.3.1]-bicyclic ketal as its characteristic core. Our strategy utilizes a coupling between a benzopyrilium salt and a flavanone that proves applicable to other PA type-A compounds. During this undertaking, treatment of naringenin (9) with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) followed by reductive work-up affords eriodictyol (10). This reactivity mirrors that of catechol hydroxylase (F3H) found in the flavonoid pathway. Other interesting transformations include the formation of flavonoids through an ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) cycloaddition-oxidation sequence and regioselective β-glycosidations of several unprotected flavanones suggesting a likely synthesis of 2 from the aglycone 33.

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“…The conidial suspensions were prepared in a Tween/water mixture as described previously (Lo and Nicholson 1998;Lo et al 1999). Conidial suspensions were filtrated through cheesecloth and diluted to a concentration of 10 6 sporesÁml…”

Section: Sorghum and Fungal Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3-deoxyanthocyanidins have structural similarity with flavan-4-ols, which are precursors of the red phlobaphenes (Figure 1) (Kambal and Bate-Smith 1976;Styles and Ceska 1977). A parallel pathway has been suggested for the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins ( Figure 1) (Lo and Nicholson 1998;Boddu et al 2004Boddu et al , 2005. However, direct genetic evidence for the regulation of this branch of the pathway has been lacking because of the unavailability of near isogenic lines.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flavonoid Phytoalexin-Dependent Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight Requires a Functional yellow seed1 in Sorghum bicolor

Ibraheem¹,

2010

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In Sorghum bicolor, a group of phytoalexins are induced at the site of infection by Colletotrichum sublineolum, the anthracnose fungus. These compounds, classified as 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, have structural similarities to the precursors of phlobaphenes. Sorghum yellow seed1 (y1) encodes a MYB transcription factor that regulates phlobaphene biosynthesis. Using the candystripe1 transposon mutagenesis system in sorghum, we have isolated functional revertants as well as loss-of-function alleles of y1. These near-isogenic lines of sorghum show that, compared to functionally revertant alleles, loss of y1 lines do not accumulate phlobaphenes. Molecular characterization of two null y1 alleles shows a partial internal deletion in the y1 sequence. These null alleles, designated as y1-ww1 and y1-ww4, do not accumulate 3-deoxyanthocyanidins when challenged with the nonpathogenic fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Further, as compared to the wild-type allele, both y1-ww1 and y1-ww4 show greater susceptibility to the pathogenic fungus C. sublineolum. In fungal-inoculated wild-type seedlings, y1 and its target flavonoid structural genes are coordinately expressed. However, in y1-ww1 and y1-ww4 seedlings where y1 is not expressed, steady-state transcripts of its target genes could not be detected. Cosegregation analysis showed that the functional y1 gene is genetically linked with resistance to C. sublineolum. Overall results demonstrate that the accumulation of sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and resistance to C. sublineolum in sorghum require a functional y1 gene.

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Reduction of Light-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Inoculated Sorghum Mesocotyls1

Cited by 134 publications

References 50 publications

Transcriptional Regulation of Sorghum Defense Determinants against a Phloem-Feeding Aphid

Transcriptional Regulation of Sorghum Defense Determinants against a Phloem-Feeding Aphid

(±)-Diinsininone: made nature's way

Flavonoid Phytoalexin-Dependent Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight Requires a Functional yellow seed1 in Sorghum bicolor

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