Reduction of maxillary molars in <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i>: A different perspective

Macho, Gabriele A.; Moggi‐Cecchi, Jacopo

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330870203

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, comparison with the Parpallo 1 Solutrean modem human specimen (96.9 mm 2 ), from the same geographical region of the Iberian Peninsula (Arsuaga et aI., 2001), indicates that this individual has undergone a degree of dental reduction compared with Cova Negra. The value in Cova Negra is also slightly larger than the mean areas reported to characterize modem human males (104.5 ± 8.5 mm 2 ) and females (97.0 ± 10.3 mm 2 ), but it is within the range of vari ation (Macho and Moggi-Cecchi, 1992).…”

Section: Dental Remainsmentioning

confidence: 49%

New Neandertal remains from Cova Negra (Valencia, Spain)

Arsuaga

Bonilla

Quam

et al. 2007

Journal of Human Evolution

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New Neandertal fossils from the Mousterian site of Cova Negra in the Valencia region of Spain are described, and a comprehensive study of the entire human fossil sample is provided. The new specimens significantly augment the sample of human remains from this site and make Cova Negra one of the richest human paleontological sites on the Iberian Peninsula. The new specimens include cranial and postcranial elements from immature individuals and provide an opportunity to study the ontogenetic appearance of adult Neandertal characteristics in this Pleistocene pop ulation. Children younger than 10 years of age constitute four of the seven minimum number of individuals in the sample, and this relative abundance of children at Cova Negra is similar that in to other Neandertal sites in Europe and southwest Asia. The recognition of diagnostic Neandertal features in several of the specimens, as well as their western European context and late Pleistocene age, suggests that all the human remains from Cova Negra represent Neandertals. The archaeological evidence from Cova Negra indicates sporadic, short-term occupations of the site, suggesting a high degree of mobility among Neandertals.

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Section: Dental Remainsmentioning

confidence: 49%

New Neandertal remains from Cova Negra (Valencia, Spain)

Arsuaga

Bonilla

Quam

et al. 2007

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…Kondo et al also reported that the later the calcification occurs, the greater the size variation in cusps in dental casts obtained from Japanese patients [10]. In addition, protocone, the earliestdeveloping cusp of maxillary molars exhibited lesser sex difference in cusp size [11]. A previous study also demonstrates a high correlation between the order of cusp calcification and variation of cusp size in hominoid primates [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Variations in the Cusps of Mandibular Molars in Koreans

Yoo

Kim

2014

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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: This study aimed to investigate the cusp size and morphological characteristics of permanent mandibular molars in Koreans with reference to the hypoconulid, and to analyze the differences and correlations between both sexes as well as between first and second mandibular molars. We obtained data from dental casts of 110 adults (78 males and 32 females). Mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of first and second mandibular molars, the area of five cusps (protoconid, metaconid, hypoconid, entoconid, and hypoconulid), as well as the total cusp area and occlusal table area were measured. Paired t-test was performed to analyze the morphological differences between first and second mandibular molars and the sex differences between both sexes using SPSS program. Crown diameters and cusp areas of mandibular first molars were larger than those of mandibular second molars in both sexes. The hypoconulid was the most variable in size and morphological pattern among the five cusps, and the first molars showed a higher incidence of hypoconulid than the second molars. Except for the entoconid area of the first molar (p= =0.06) and the hypoconulid area of the second molar (p= =0.24), all other mean values were larger in males than in females, demonstrating a significant sexual dimorphism. These data suggest that the teeth which develop late in ontogeny tend to be smaller in size and more variable in morphological characteristics.

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“…In Homo sapiens, the reduced occlusal polygon occupies a more lingual location. Given the phylogenetic order of appearance of each cusp in the hominoid dentition (Gregory, 1916), later developing elements (such as the metaconid and other lingual cusps) are more prone to be affected by timing and spacing changes in the ontogenetic sequence (Mizoguchi, 1983;Macho and Moggi-Cecchi, 1992). The TPS-grids in the extremes of the PC I (Fig.…”

Section: P4 Internal Morphology: Cusp Configuration and The Occlusal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hominin lower second premolar morphology: evolutionary inferences through geometric morphometric analysis

Martinón‐Torres

Bastir

Castro

et al. 2006

Journal of Human Evolution

149

110

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Mandibular premolars are increasingly used in taxon-specific diagnostic analyses of hominins. Among the principal difficulties in these evaluations is the absence of discrete, discernible, and comparable anatomical structures for rigorous quantitative assessment. Previous research has addressed either internal crown surface features (such as cusps and fossae) or the morphology of the crown outline. In the present paper, we integrate both types of information in the examination of morphological variation of lower P4s (n ¼ 96) among various fossil hominin species with an emphasis on genus Homo. We use a set of 34 2D landmarks combining coordinate data from four classical dental landmarks on the occlusal surface and 30 sliding semilandmarks of the crown outline. Our results indicate that external shape variation is closely related to the configuration of the occlusal morphological features and influenced by dental size. The external and internal shapes of P4 are polymorphic but still useful in depicting a primitive-derived gradient. The primitive pattern seems to have been an asymmetrical contour with a mesially displaced metaconid, development of a bulging talonid, and a broad occlusal polygon. The trend toward dental reduction during the Pleistocene produced different morphological variants with a reduced occlusal polygon and decreased lingual occlusal surface in later Homo species. Homo heidelbergensis/neanderthalensis have fixed plesiomorphic traits in high percentages, whereas in modern humans a symmetrical outline with a centered metaconid and talonid reduction evolved.

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Reduction of maxillary molars in Homo sapiens sapiens: A different perspective

Cited by 59 publications

References 58 publications

New Neandertal remains from Cova Negra (Valencia, Spain)

New Neandertal remains from Cova Negra (Valencia, Spain)

Variations in the Cusps of Mandibular Molars in Koreans

Hominin lower second premolar morphology: evolutionary inferences through geometric morphometric analysis

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