“…Therefore, another possible function for PEA and 2-AEP could be to increase the solubility of the hemerythrin octamer in sipunculan erythrocytes. In this respect, it should be noted that the concentration of hemerythrin within these cells approaches the 10 mM range (Utecht, 1986 From these results we have concluded that a phosphagen shuttle does not exist within the flagellum of mammalian spermatozoa, and that instead ATP is in rapid exchange between a bound state and a free state.…”