Reduction of mRNA Level for two Nuclear Encoded LightRegulated Genes in the Barley Mutant albostrians is not Correlated with Phytochrome Content and Activity

Hess, Wolfgang R.; Schendel, Rudolf; Börner, Thomas; Rüdiger, Wolfhart

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80290-7

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Interestingly, in carotenoid-deficient mutant plants, the expression of many nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes, including the Lhc gene family (light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein) and the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RbcS), is greatly reduced in the absence of functional chloroplasts [29,30]. The reduced expression of these genes does not appear to be correlated with phytochrome content and activity [31], suggesting that a signal from plastids is required for the light induction of these nuclear genes. This regulatory mechanism, known as retrograde signaling, has been shown to involve the transduction of a signal from the plastid to nucleus [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

et al. 2007

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Carotenoids, a class of natural pigments found in all photosynthetic organisms, are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including coloration, photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and chloroplast biogenesis. Although carotenoid biosynthesis has been well studied biochemically, the genetic basis of the pathway is not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of two allelic Arabidopsis mutants, spontaneous cell death1-1 (spc1-1) and spc1-2. The weak allele spc1-1 mutant showed characteristics of bleached leaves, accumulation of superoxide and mosaic cell death. The strong mutant allele spc1-2 caused a complete arrest of plant growth and development shortly after germination, leading to a seedling-lethal phenotype. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that SPC1 encodes a putative z-carotene desaturase (ZDS) in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of carotenoids revealed that several major carotenoid compounds downstream of SPC1/ZDS were substantially reduced in spc1-1, suggesting that SPC1 is a functional ZDS. Consistent with the downregulated expression of CAO and PORB, the chlorophyll content was decreased in spc1-1 plants. In addition, expression of Lhcb1.1, Lhcb1.4 and RbcS was absent in spc1-2, suggesting the possible involvement of carotenoids in the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. The spc1-1 mutant also displays an ABA-deficient phenotype that can be partially rescued by the externally supplied phytohormone. These results suggest that SPC1/ZDS is essential for biosynthesis of carotenoids and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

et al. 2007

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“…Because the plants were defective in plastid protein synthesis, it was suggested that plastid RNA might provide a signal to influence nuclear gene expression (Bradbeer et al 1979). Subsequent analysis using translation of extracted RNA in vitro and Northern blot hybridization showed that a set of photosynthesis-related genes, similar to those affected by norflurazon treatment, were downregulated in the barley albostrians mutant (Hess et al 1991(Hess et al , 1994. These included genes encoding light-harvesting and Calvin cycle components, as well as enzymes of photorespiration and nitrogen assimilation (Hess et al 1991(Hess et al , 1994.…”

Section: Inhibitors Of Plastid Gene Expression and Plastid-ribosome Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of plastid and nuclear gene expression

Gray

Sullivan

Wang

et al. 2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

180

178

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The coordinated expression of genes distributed between the nuclear and plastid genomes is essential for the assembly of functional chloroplasts. Although the nucleus has a pre-eminent role in controlling chloroplast biogenesis, there is considerable evidence that the expression of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis-related proteins is regulated by signals from plastids. Perturbation of several plastid-located processes, by inhibitors or in mutants, leads to decreased transcription of a set of nuclear photosynthesisrelated genes. Characterization of arabidopsis gun (genomes uncoupled) mutants, which express nuclear genes in the presence of norflurazon or lincomycin, has provided evidence for two separate signalling pathways, one involving tetrapyrrole biosynthesis intermediates and the other requiring plastid protein synthesis. In addition, perturbation of photosynthetic electron transfer produces at least two different redox signals, as part of the acclimation to altered light conditions. The recognition of multiple plastid signals requires a reconsideration of the mechanisms of regulation of transcription of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis-related proteins.

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“…However, not all signals require light, since inhibition of translation in plastids activates a light-independent retrograde signaling pathway (Gray et al, 2002). For instance, in the albostrians mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare), which is deficient in plastid ribosomes, the expression of nuclear photosynthetic genes is drastically downregulated (Bradbeer et al, 1979;Hess et al, 1991Hess et al, , 1994. Similar effects are observed when light-or dark-adapted wildtype plants are treated with inhibitors of plastid translation (Oelmü ller et al, 1986;Adamska, 1995;Gray et al, 1995;Yoshida et al, 1998;Sullivan and Gray, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nuclear Photosynthetic Gene Expression Is Synergistically Modulated by Rates of Protein Synthesis in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

et al. 2006

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Arabidopsis thaliana mutants prors1-1 and -2 were identified on the basis of a decrease in effective photosystem II quantum yield. Mutations were localized to the 59-untranslated region of the nuclear gene PROLYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE1 (PRORS1), which acts in both plastids and mitochondria. In prors1-1 and -2, PRORS1 expression is reduced, along with protein synthesis in both organelles. PRORS1 null alleles (prors1-3 and -4) result in embryo sac and embryo development arrest. In mutants with the leaky prors1-1 and -2 alleles, transcription of nuclear genes for proteins involved in photosynthetic light reactions is downregulated, whereas genes for other chloroplast proteins are upregulated. Downregulation of nuclear photosynthetic genes is not associated with a marked increase in the level of reactive oxygen species in leaves and persists in the dark, suggesting that the transcriptional response is light and photooxidative stress independent. The mrpl11 and prpl11 mutants are impaired in the mitochondrial and plastid ribosomal L11 proteins, respectively. The prpl11 mrpl11 double mutant, but neither of the single mutants, resulted in strong downregulation of nuclear photosynthetic genes, like that seen in leaky mutants for PRORS1, implying that, when organellar translation is perturbed, signals derived from both types of organelles cooperate in the regulation of nuclear photosynthetic gene expression.

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Reduction of mRNA Level for two Nuclear Encoded LightRegulated Genes in the Barley Mutant albostrians is not Correlated with Phytochrome Content and Activity

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

Coordination of plastid and nuclear gene expression

Nuclear Photosynthetic Gene Expression Is Synergistically Modulated by Rates of Protein Synthesis in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

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