Reduction of ochratoxin a toxicity in mice treated with phenylalanine and phenobarbital

A Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ochratoxin A Inhalational Exposure Associated with Human Illness and Kidney Disease including Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

“…In mice, pretreatment with phenobarbital decreased the toxicity of OTA with significant increases in LD50 seen [34, 35]. Administration of piperonyl butoxide was also shown to significantly decrease the LD50 of OTA [35] thus increasing toxicity.…”

“…Several studies have indicated that phenylalanine decreases the absorption and consequent toxicity of OTA, and this is also true of aspartame [34, 37, 38]. …”

Chemical, Physical and Biological Approaches to Prevent Ochratoxin Induced Toxicoses in Humans and Animals

“…Sheep also have a good capacity to detoxify OTA before it reaches the blood [155]. Studies in mice suggested that OTA circulates from the liver into the bile and into the intestine, where it is also hydrolysed to OTα [156]. The species responsible for OTA detoxification have not yet been identified, although protozoa were suggested to take part in the biotransformation process in ruminants [155,157].…”

“…Sodium bicarbonate is efficient at preventing absorption through the stomach [165]. The toxicity of OTA can be reduced by the simultaneous administration of phenylalanine or by pretreatment with phenobarbital in mice [156]. The addition of phenylalanine also prevented the immunosuppressive effects of OTA [198].…”

“…However, addition of phenylalanine had no effect on the neurotoxicity of OTA in embryonic chick brain cell cultures [199], and did not decrease either the toxicity or carcinogenicity of OTA in chicken [200,201]. Besides, phenobarbital increased OTA-induced hepatocarcinogenicity in mice [156]. In addition, both phenylalanine and phenobarbital have been shown to increase OTA genotoxicity in cell culture [202].…”