Reduction of operation temperature in SOFCs utilizing perovskites: Review

Abstract

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices utilized for converting chemical energy to electrical energy. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have several advantages over other kinds. For instance, high energy efficiency expanded fuel flexibility, low environmental pollutant emission are the properties of SOFCs that make them superior to other fuel cell types. Due to these special characteristics, SOFCs are gained a great deal of attraction. These fuel cells consist of different main operating parts, a cathode, an anode, and electrolyte which each of them demands special materials to operate with the most efficiency. SOFCs mostly operate in high temperatures (800-1000 ᵒC). Reducing the operating temperature to lower than 600 ᵒC or intermediate temperatures 600-800 ᵒC is one of the methods that can make them more practical devices. Perovskite oxides can be used effectively as all main parts of SOFCs because of their excellent properties like electrical and ionic conductivities, oxygen ion vacancies, great catalytic properties, thermal durability, and chemical stability to decrease the operating temperature. In this review, numerous perovskite-based materials utilized in the anode and the cathode electrodes of SOFCs are investigated in the most recent, advanced, and novel works. The perovskite materials, their properties, and their influence on the fuel cell's performance, and in some cases the sulfur tolerance of the materials when H2S co-exists in the fuel of the fuel cell are reviewed in this paper Adding different dopants in A-site and B-site of the perovskite oxides is the most effective way to modify the characteristics of the materials. This review can provide great data on the possible perovskite oxides with the capability of enhancing the efficiency of SOFCs by reducing the operating temperature, and their most decisive and significant characteristics, like composition, structure, electrical conductivity, electrochemical and mechanical properties for research groups working on solid oxide fuel cells.

Phase stability, redox-behavior and carbon-tolerance of Sr1−x(Ti0.3Fe0.7−yNiy)O3−δ with exsolved nanoparticles

“…The higher iron content of STF seems to have a higher impact on the total conductivity compared to further doping with Ni and exsolved Ni/Fe nanoparticles. The obtained values are in the same order of magnitude compared to literature, 15,35,36 although the samples have a certain porosity (∼25%).…”

Mathematical Modeling Application in Energy Conversion and Energy Storage

“…Anode and cathode electrodes should be porous, ion conductor, electron conductor, thermally compatible with electrolytes, and stable in high temperatures. For a good understanding, Figure2.2 demonstrates the operation of SOFC with H 2 as fuel[17]-[19].…”