Reduction of potential greenhouse gas emissions of room air-conditioner refrigerants: a life cycle carbon footprint analysis

Zhao, Linjia; Zeng, Weihua; Yuan, Zengwei

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.063

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Hence, the environmental impacts of the appliances' life cycle are excluded or overlooked. Analysing all life cycle stages for the case of ACs, despite the emissions of the manufacturing stage being important, these are a relatively small amount compared with the real operational use and end-of-life stages which account for the greatest emissions (Karkour et al 2021;Zhao et al 2015). Here, there are some essential aspects to consider.…”

Section: Barrier 5: Focus On a Standard Operational Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the incumbency and barriers to sustainable cooling

Lizana

Miranda

Gross³

et al. 2022

Buildings and Cities

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This article examines cooling in the built environment, an area of rapidly rising energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, the status quo of cooling is assessed and proposals are made for how to advance towards sustainable cooling through five levers of change: social interactions, technology innovations, business models, governance and infrastructure design. Achieving sustainable cooling requires navigating the opportunities and barriers presented by the incumbent technology that currently dominates the way in which cooling is provided-the vapour-compression refrigerant technology (or airconditioners). Air-conditioners remain the go-to solution for growing cooling demand, with other alternatives often overlooked. This incumbent technology has contributed to five barriers hindering the transition to sustainable cooling: (1) building policies based exclusively on energy efficiency; (2) a focus on temperature rather than other thermal comfort variables; (3) building-centric design of cooling systems instead of occupantcentric design; (4) businesses guided by product-only sales; and (5) lack of innovation beyond the standard operational phase of the incumbent technology. Opportunities and priority actions are identified for policymakers, cooling professionals, technicians and citizens to promote a transition towards sustainable cooling.

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Section: Barrier 5: Focus On a Standard Operational Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the incumbency and barriers to sustainable cooling

Lizana

Miranda

Gross³

et al. 2022

Buildings and Cities

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“…There are no LCA for residential ACs in the Philippines available that include repair and reuse, which are necessary to understand both first and second hand market impacts. Available LCA for other middle-income countries such as China, Indonesia and India have found that energy and climate impacts are highest during the use stage of the AC, not during manufacturing, transport or sales [ 14 , 19 , 35 ]. This is primarily due to the share of fossil fuels in the electricity mix, confirming the findings of LCA in the USA [ 22 , 30 ].…”

Section: Literature Review: Regulating Materials Use Vs Energy Effici...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Social Regulation of Second Hand Appliance Markets: the Case of Air Conditioners in the Philippines

Never

2022

Circ.Econ.Sust.

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Second hand markets for appliances such as air conditioners are largely unregulated in many low and middle income countries this far. Energy and climate goals may require a speedy phase-out of old appliances, whereas material resource and social concerns may call for repairing and reusing air conditioners as long as possible. Demand for space cooling is soaring globally, increasing regulatory pressure. In middle income countries such as the Philippines, the market for second hand room air conditioners is sizeable. This study targets the question when and how to regulate the market for used air conditioners to balance green and social goals. It analyses the second hand market for air conditioners in Metro Manila, uncovering the general supply chain, business models and customers as well as energy efficiency, refrigerant and repair practices. The study draws on qualitative interviews with 10 experts and 29 retailers and technicians active in the semi-formal second hand market for air conditioners. Available information of lifecycle analyses is taken into account, but the focus of this contribution lies on social impacts of potential regulation. Overall, short-to-medium interventions in the second hand market are required to balance environmental and social goals that target the different players in the market: construction industry, brokers, retailers and technicians, customers and scrap dealers. Neither a complete ban nor delaying or foregoing regulation is advisable. Specific policy recommendations are derived.

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“…The LCA analysis was carried out by Zhao et al (2015) to reduce the environmental impact of air conditioner refrigerants. The environmental sustainability of all heat pump systems could improve with the greater penetration of renewables in the electricity mix (Greening and Azapagic, 2012).…”

Section: Environmental Modeling Of Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling and environmental analysis of heat pumps integrated in aprocess to treat spent pickling liquors

Leonzio

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Reduction of potential greenhouse gas emissions of room air-conditioner refrigerants: a life cycle carbon footprint analysis

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Overcoming the incumbency and barriers to sustainable cooling

Overcoming the incumbency and barriers to sustainable cooling

Green and Social Regulation of Second Hand Appliance Markets: the Case of Air Conditioners in the Philippines

Mathematical modeling and environmental analysis of heat pumps integrated in aprocess to treat spent pickling liquors

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