Reduction of Power Imbalances Using Battery Energy Storage System in a Bulk Power System with Extremely Large Photovoltaics Interactions

Abstract

Power imbalances such as power shortfalls and photovoltaic (PV) curtailments have become a major problem in conventional power systems due to the introduction of renewable energy sources. There can be large power shortfalls and PV curtailments because of PV forecasting errors. These imbalances might increase when installed PV capacity increases. This study proposes a new scheduling method to reduce power shortfalls and PV curtailments in a PV integrated large power system with a battery energy storage system (BESS). The model of the Kanto area, which is about 30% of Japan’s power usage with 60 GW grid capacity, is used in simulations. The effect of large PV power integration of 50 GW and 100 GW together with large BESS capacity of 100 GWh and 200 GWh has been studied. Mixed integer linear programming technique is used to calculate generator unit commitment and BESS charging and discharging schedules. The simulation results are shown for two months with high and low solar irradiance, which include days with large PV over forecast and under forecast errors. The results reveal that the proposed method eliminates power shortfalls by 100% with the BESS and reduce the PV curtailments by 69.5% and 95.2% for the months with high and low solar irradiance, respectively, when 200 GWh BESS and 100 GW PV power generation are installed.

Frequency Excursion Likelihood Constrained Resource Scheduling for Large-Scale Renewable Energy Integration

“…The power system model of the Kanto area of Japan is used in this study [28]. The maximum demand in this test system is approximately 60 GW.…”

“…The system consists of 168 dispatchable thermal generators and un-dispatchable nuclear, hydropower sources, and Solar PV. The parameters used in the tests are given below [28], [31].…”

“…The proposed formulation incorporates additional linear flexibility constraints ( 14)- (19) in the original UC formulation (given in Appendix A) [28], [29] to deploy a predetermined amount of flexibility reserve.…”

Cost-Effective Increase of Photovoltaic Electricity Feed-In on Congested Transmission Lines: A Case Study of The Netherlands

“…The difference in importance of energy storage can be explained as it was not owned and operated by the market party, but rather operated by the TSO, which lead to significant variation in re-dispatch costs. Another study demonstrated that proper management of battery energy storage can reduce curtailment losses, also for high penetration of PV electricity [30].…”

“…It is clear that by decreasing the maximum power output of a PV system actively or passively, the pressure on the transmission or distribution grid will decrease [31]. Batteries can be used to temporarily store the electricity at peak generation moments [23,30,32]. In this study Li-ion batteries are considered as they can be considered a mature technology [33][34][35].…”