Reduction of Sn-Bearing Iron Concentrate with Mixed H2/CO Gas for Preparation of Sn-Enriched Direct Reduced Iron

Tin Oxide Nanoparticles via Solar Vapor Deposition for Hexavalent Chromium Remediation

“…Indeed, the addition of at least 50% wt Fe was found to be adequate for the preparation of SnO nanoparticles free from the passive layer due to the electron donation role of Fe that occurs during target evaporation. At the same time, only trace amounts of Fe were detected in the prepared nanopowders after the total chemical analysis with atomic absorption (0.25, 0.32, and 0.80% wt, respectively, for the samples with 25, 50, and 75% wt Fe in the target), which suggests very different evaporation rates between Sn and Fe during the reduction process, in agreement with the findings of relevant studies . It should be noted that carrying out energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis combined with electron microscopy was not sufficient to localize such a low iron presence at the nanoscale.…”

“…In addition, to simulate the performance in natural water, a challenge water spiked with common ions appearing in typical groundwater was used as a matrix, according to the composition suggested by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) standard. 26 The natural-like water was prepared by the dissolution of the following reagents in 10 L of distilled water: 2.52 g (30 mmol) NaHCO 3 , 0.1214 g (1.4 mmol) NaNO 3 , 0.0018 g (0.0013 mmol) NaH 2 PO 4 •H 2 O, 0.0221 g (0.53 mmol) NaF, 0.706 mg (3.7 mmol) NaSiO 3 •5H 2 O, 1.47 g (10 mmol) CaCl 2 •2H 2 O, and 1.283 g (5.2 mmol) MgSO 4 •7H 2 O. By following this option, it is possible to overcome the wide variability of physicochemical parameters from site to site in natural water samples and provide universal data for a challenge water containing common interfering anions and cations at concentrations close to the average natural values.…”

Parametric Dimensional Analysis on a C-H2 Smelting Reduction Furnace with Double-Row Side Nozzles

“…On the basis of the above dimensionless groups, the dimensionless group related to the tracer feeding position and the dimensionless group related to the insertion depth of the side nozzle was added unceasingly into the equation of mixing time dimensionless group. After substituting the parameters such as the flow velocity of upper side nozzle and the insertion depth of upper side nozzle into the Equation (14), multiple linear regression was performed through the origin, and the results are shown in in Table 9: As can be seen from Table 9, the equation of the dimensionless group of the mixing time of the upper side nozzle is as follows in Equation 21:…”

“…Similarly to the upper side nozzle, Table 9 can also be obtained after the injection velocity and insertion depth of the lower side nozzle are replaced in the Equation (14) by multiple linear regression. According to the data in Table 9, the equation of the dimensionless group of mixing time of lower side nozzle can be obtained in Equation (22).…”

“…In terms of direct reduction, Shim et al [13] reported that the direct reduction rate in a melter-gasifier was roughly drawn as the product of the CO2 content in the ascending gas and the reaction rate constant of coal with CO2, and the way to minimize the direct reduction ratio was discussed with that diagram. You et al [14] used Sn-bearing complex iron ore via reduction with mixed H2/CO gas to prepare Snenriched direct reduced iron (DRI). In the behavior of reduction, Park et al [15,16] investigated the high-temperature behavior of a magnetite-coke composite pellet fluxed with dolomite by a customized thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at 1573 K (1300 °C) and the influence of different coal types on the reduction of the composite pellet.…”