Reduction of the Envelope Correlation Coefficient With Improved Total Efficiency for Mobile LTE MIMO Antenna Arrays: Mutual Scattering Mode

Zhang, Shuai; Glazunov, Andrés Alayón; Ying, Zhinong; He, Sailing

doi:10.1109/tap.2013.2248071

Cited by 79 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…5(b). The ECC and MEG are calculated according to the assumptions stated in [16,17]. The ECC is calculated from the measured 3-D far-field radiation pattern obtained using a SATIMO microwave anechoic chamber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eight-Element Antenna Array at 3.5 GHZ for Mimo Wireless Application

Abdullah¹,

Ban²,

Kang³

et al. 2017

PIER C

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Abstract-A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array with eight printed coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole antennas operating at 3.5 GHz (3.4-3.6 GHz) is presented. Each antenna is an Inverted-L (IL) monopole surrounded by a parasitic IL-shorted stripe and attains compact configuration. Both the IL-monopole and parasitic IL-shorted stripe contribute their fundamental resonant modes to operate in the desired frequency band. The neutralization line (NL) and ground middle slot are used for decoupling the antenna elements in the array. The measurement results for the prototype reasonably agree with electromagnetic simulations. Measured results for the proposed MIMO antenna array demonstrate that it has impedance bandwidth more than 200 MHz with (S 11 < 6 dB), and with effective antenna decoupling mechanism, the mutual coupling is better than 10 dB for the required band (3.4-3.6 GHz). Also, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) for the proposed MIMO antenna array is less than 0.2 for any two antennas to realize independent prorogation path for a channel. The average channel capacity of the proposed MIMO antenna array is approximately 35 to 38 bps/Hz for a reference signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 20 dB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eight-Element Antenna Array at 3.5 GHZ for Mimo Wireless Application

Abdullah¹,

Ban²,

Kang³

et al. 2017

PIER C

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“…According to the Euler rotation principle, the electric field intensity from the dipole along the z-axis is defined using Eq. (2), and that of the rotated dipole can be defined in a primed coordinate system as (3) The relationship between the electric field intensities in the primed and unprimed coordinate systems can be expressed using an integral equation [19].…”

Section: Rotation Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is a critical parameter in evaluating the signal correlation of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna [1][2][3]. According to a standard definition, the ECC value should be calculated using the complicated amplitude, phase, and polarization information obtained from the 3D radiation patterns of a MIMO antenna [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worst-Case Estimate of Envelope Correlation Coefficient for Small MIMO Mobile Antennas Below 1 GHz

Zhao¹,

Tak²,

Choi³

2015

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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A worst-case estimate of an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is obtained for small multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mobile antennas operating below 1 GHz. The worst-case estimate is numerically derived in this paper using spherical and exponential wave functions. The derived result confirms that the worst-case ECC can be easily obtained from the rotation angle between the radiation patterns of two MIMO elements, which are attained directly from the amplitude of 2D electric field patterns without any additional phase and polarization information. As a practical example, MIMO mobile antennas with different antenna element arrangements are compared to verify the validity of the proposed worst-case estimate. Moreover, based on these analyses, we also suggest an effective approach to reduce the ECC of a small MIMO mobile antenna operating below 1 GHz by properly locating the antenna elements to make the radiation patterns perpendicular to each other. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ⓒ Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. ZHAO et al.: WORST-CASE ESTIMATE OF ENVELOPE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT FOR SMALL MIMO MOBILE ANTENNAS BELOW 1 GHz 45worst-case estimate of the ECC through a direct derivation using the spherical and exponential wave functions. Then, the correctness of this worst-case estimate is verified by comparing MIMO mobile antennas that operate at 0.8 GHz and under different arrangements of the antenna elements. Moreover, by investigating the different factors (rotation angle, translation of phase centers, and occasional pattern variance) related to the ECC, we prove the rotation angle, which is chosen to estimate the worst-case ECC, is also an effective applicable factor to reduce the ECC for a MIMO mobile antenna below 1 GHz. A low ECC can be attained when the rotation angle of a MIMO mobile antenna approaches 90° by locating two antenna elements on the perpendicular edges of the ground plane. II. WORST-CASE ESTIMATE OF ECCIn this paper, we assume the antennas are operating in an isotopic/uniform multi-path condition (XPR = 1 and P θ = P φ = 1/4π) [13,14].Based on the above assumption, the ECC ( e  ) is inversely proportional to the diversity of the radiation patterns and can be expressed in the spherical coordinate Ω = ( θ , ϕ ) using thewhere, and E θ n and E ϕ n are the θ -and ϕ -polarized complex electric field intensities of the antenna element n. Meanwhile, we note the diversity and corresponding ECC are mainly determined by three factors (rotation angle, translation of phase centers, and occasional pattern variance) in MI-MO antennas. Thus, our investigation of the worst-case ECC will start by exploring and comparing these three factors.In addition, we analyz...

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“…Since increasing the slot length will help separate the radiation patterns of MIMO elements, the mutual coupling can also be reduced but not as efficiently as the decoupling slot mode. Different from the antenna in Section 2, with a longer slot, the impedance matching is much more improved, which will significantly improve the total efficiency and decrease ECC [16]. In the "good" MIMO case, the slot will be totally etched, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Mimo Reference Antenna For the Investigation Of Mimo Performmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimo Reference Antennas With Controllable Correlations and Total Efficiencies

Zhang¹,

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2014

PIER

Self Cite

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Abstract-MIMO reference antennas are proposed for over the air (OTA) measurement applications. The reference antennas could get rid of feeding cable interference and control envelope correlation coefficients (ECC) continuously by only changing the length of an etched slot on a dual-feed PIFA. If only the ECC is investigated, the MIMO reference antenna is optimized to have a small variation of total efficiency from 70% to 50% when the ECC increases from 0.1 to 0.88. The prototypes are fabricated and measured in a scattered field chamber (SFC). Measurements agree well with the simulations. If the MIMO performance is studied, the MIMO reference antenna is proposed to own a large variation of total efficiencies from 90% to 47% while the ECC increases from 0 to 0.98. The bandwidth of the proposed reference antennas depend on the size of the antennas. This method is valid for all the frequencies.

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Reduction of the Envelope Correlation Coefficient With Improved Total Efficiency for Mobile LTE MIMO Antenna Arrays: Mutual Scattering Mode

Cited by 79 publications

References 28 publications

Eight-Element Antenna Array at 3.5 GHZ for Mimo Wireless Application

Eight-Element Antenna Array at 3.5 GHZ for Mimo Wireless Application

Worst-Case Estimate of Envelope Correlation Coefficient for Small MIMO Mobile Antennas Below 1 GHz

Mimo Reference Antennas With Controllable Correlations and Total Efficiencies

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