Reduction of the optical loss and optimization of polycyanurate thermosets used in integrated optics

Dreyer, Christian; Bauer, Monika; Bauer, Jörg; Keil, Norbert; Yao, H.H.; Zawadzki, C.

doi:10.1007/s005420100102

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Simple requirements such as this severely limit the use of many fluoropolymers that are based on chain-addition polymerization or semi-fluorinated polyimide condensation polymers mentioned above. Promising exceptions for processable low-loss polymer-integrated optics include polycyanurate materials [10] and fluorinated acrylates and copolymers thereof. [11] We have focused on the development of a unique fluoropolymer technology based on perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aromatic ether repeating units, for which thermomechanical robustness (i.e., T g > 200 C) and solution processability are not compromised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorocyclobutyl Copolymers for Microphotonics

Smith¹,

et al. 2002

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The copolymerization of aryl bis‐ and tris‐trifluorovinyl ether monomers yields aromatic perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers, via thermally initiated step‐growth cycloaddition chemistry. PFCB polymers and their copolymers enjoy a unique combination of attributes well suited for applications in photonic technologies, such as broad tailorability of refractive indices and thermo‐optic coefficients, low transmission losses at 1300 and 1550 nm, high thermal, mechanical, and optical stability, and excellent melt and solution processability. Planar PFCB structures can be processed by direct micro‐transfer molding, which is a first step towards rapid soft‐lithographic fabrication of polymer planar lightwave circuits. Copolymerization chemistry and processing parameters and characterization, including thermal (Tg = 120–350 °C) and optical properties (refractive indices from 1.443 to 1.508 at 1550 nm; thermo‐optic coefficients dn/dT = –7×10–5 K–1 to –1.5 × 10–4 K–1), birefringence (< 0.003), and temporal stability of refractive index, are described.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorocyclobutyl Copolymers for Microphotonics

Smith¹,

et al. 2002

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“…[15,16] Thermally curing versions of these related materials have also been applied to the fabrication of optical waveguides. [6] The structures shown for BTD and TTD have been called general structures because the materials typically undergo chain extension during synthesis, and exist in a range of molecular weights and functionality. Other than viscosity the differences between monomers 2 and 3 are small, as is illustrated in Table 4.…”

Section: Materials Design and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Low‐Loss Acrylate Polymers for Planar Light Circuits

Shacklette¹,

Blomquist

Jiang

et al. 2003

Adv Funct Materials

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We have developed a materials system composed of liquid multifunctional fluorinated acrylate monomers that achieves very low absorption losses within both datacom and telecom wavelength ranges. Identified structure–property relationships have guided the design of polymers that are optimized with respect to their inherent materials properties and their ability to be processed into low‐loss optical waveguides. Together these co‐developed materials and processes combine to produce waveguides that have propagation losses equivalent to planar glass guides, and significantly reduced polarization dependence and improved thermal response needed for the performance of thermo‐optic devices. Extensive environmental studies have demonstrated robustness well beyond that required for normal operating conditions.

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“…In addition to a high thermal stability they also show a relatively high intrinsic flame retardancy [13] and good chemical stability [11]. Their good transparency, especially in the infrared wavelength region, makes them suitable for use in integrated optical devices [14]- [16].…”

Section: Polycyanuratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Recycling of Composites with Polycyanurate Matrix

Dreyer

Söthje²,

Bauer³

2014

ACES

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Thermoset based composites are used increasingly in industry for light weight applications, mainly for aircraft, windmills and for automobiles. Fiber reinforced thermoset polymers show a number of advantages over conventional materials, like metals, especially their better performance regarding their strength-to-weight ratio. However, composite recycling is a big issue, as there are almost no established recycling methods. The authors investigate the recyclability of polycyanurate homo-and copolymers with different recycling agents under different conditions. Also the influence of the recycling process on the most important reinforcement fibers, i.e. carbon-, glass-, aramid-, and natural-fiber is investigated. The authors find that: the recycling speed is not only dependent on the temperature, but also is significantly influenced by the particular recycling agents and the polycyanurate formulation. Hence, the stability against the recycling media can be adjusted over a broad range by adjusting the polymer composition. Furthermore, the authors find that the inorganic reinforcement fibers (carbon and glass) are almost unaffected by neither recycling agent at either temperature. Aramid-fibers degrade, depending on the particular recycling agent, from slightly up to extremely strong. This leaves one with the possibility to find a combination of matrix resin and recycling agent, which does not affect the aramid-fiber significantly. In the case of natural fibers, the dependence on the particular recycling media is very strong: some media do not affect the fiber significantly; others reduce the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) significantly, and still others even improve both mechanical properties strongly. From the Recyclate, the authors synthesize and subsequently characterize a number of new polyurethane thermosets (foamed and solid samples) with different contents of recyclate, exhibiting Tg in the range of 60˚C to 128˚C.

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Reduction of the optical loss and optimization of polycyanurate thermosets used in integrated optics

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Perfluorocyclobutyl Copolymers for Microphotonics

Perfluorocyclobutyl Copolymers for Microphotonics

Ultra‐Low‐Loss Acrylate Polymers for Planar Light Circuits

Progress in Recycling of Composites with Polycyanurate Matrix

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