Reduction of the Radiotoxicity of Spent Nuclear Fuel Using a Two-Tiered System Comprising Light Water Reactors and Accelerator-Driven Systems

Trellue, Holly R.

doi:10.2172/812750

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The 3 keV resonance of sodium coolant is the reason to cause the flux "drop" at that region. The fast spectrum system is advantageous for actinide transform since the actinide fission to capture ratio is higher compared with the thermal system [3]. Therefore, it is more efficient for destructions of actinides while less minor actinide is built up.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmutation Strategy Using Thorium-Reprocessed Fuel ADS for Future Reactors in Vietnam

Kitada

2013

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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Nuclear power is believed to be a key to the energy security for a developing country like Vietnam where the power demanding increases rapidly every year. Nevertheless, spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants is the source of radiotoxic and proliferation risk. A conceptual design of ADS utilizing thorium fuel as a based fuel and reprocessed fuel as a seed for nuclear waste transmutation and energy production is proposed as one of the clean, safe, and economical solutions for the problem. In the design, 96 seed assemblies and 84 blanket assemblies were inserted into the core to make a heterogeneous subcritical core configuration. Introducing thorium fuel into the core offers an effective way to transmute plutonium and minor actinide (MA) and gain energy from this process. Transmutation rate as a function of burnup is estimated using MCNPX 2.7.0 code. Results show that by using the seed-blanket designed ADS, at 40 GWd/t burnup, 192 kg of plutonium and 156 kg of MA can be eliminated. Equivalently, 1 GW th ADS can be able to transmute the transuranic (TRU) waste from 2 GW th LWRs. 14 units of ADS would be required to eliminate TRUs from the future reactors to be constructed in Vietnam.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model of ADS used in this simulation was conducted from the typical fast neutron spectrum, lead-bismuth acceleratordriven transmutation system in Trellue research [3]. Neutrons are produced from the spallation reaction by bombarding 1 GeV proton beam into the LBE cylindrical target.…”

Section: Seed and Blanket Thorium-reprocessed Fuel Adsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmutation Strategy Using Thorium-Reprocessed Fuel ADS for Future Reactors in Vietnam

Kitada

2013

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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“…However, in [28] works claimed that only 90 Sr and 137 Cs of the minor actinides produced significant depletion on the radiotoxicity using P&T process in the deuteron accelerator. In [37] stated that the transmutation of Pu by irradiating all the MOX fuels in current operating LWRs in the next 50 years would require a long period of time for radiotoxicity reduction.…”

Section: 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 [𝐵𝑞/𝑡 − 𝐻𝑀] = 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 [𝐵𝑞/𝑡 − 𝐻𝑀] 𝑥 𝐷𝐶𝐹 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear fuel materials and its sustainability for low carbon energy system: A review

Azman

Ali

Sarkawi

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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World energy generation for electricity is still dependent on fossil fuels since it is more reliable and secure than the current intermittent renewable energy systems. Although the integration of renewable energy as an energy mix is in progress, still it could not be able to replace fossil fuels. Dependency on fossil fuels will not only contribute to severe climate change but will also degrade future generation quality of life. Hence, the solution to quandary is by integrating nuclear power plants with those of renewable energy such as solar and wind to meet the energy demand and to ensure sustainability of energy source. The current operating nuclear power plants in the world use the concept of water-cooled reactors. It was designed so that the fast neutrons born from fission reactions were slowed down in the moderator to allow other fission reactions events in sustainable chain reactions. Besides, the slow neutrons with low energy is a favourable reactor feature for safe and efficient operation. The common types of nuclear fuel materials in water-cooled reactors are enriched uranium dioxide and natural uranium contained in nuclear fuel elements. After it has been used, the fuel elements will be stored as spent fuel. Prolonged storage of used nuclear fuels will make the volume of nuclear waste high and become hard to manage after a long period of storage. An effort to reprocess the spent fuel as to extract fissile and fertile material to be used in nuclear fuels usually was undertaken to reduce the waste volume. However, this process may lead to an undesirable proliferation of nuclear material. In this review article, research on the advancement of nuclear fuel materials will be discussed based on the reduction method of the nuclear spent fuel volume and radiotoxicity, as well as to study its sustainability for the future low carbon energy system.

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“…The core layout is shown in Figure 1. This system is designed to obtain a fast neutron spectrum system since the fast spectra are found to be advantageous for actinide transport from the standpoint that actinide fissionto-capture ratios are high in them [6]. Neutron energy spectra for target and fuel regions in seed and blanket ADS core are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Calculation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Thorium Capture Cross Section Uncertainty on the Thorium Utilized ADS Reactivity Calculation

Kitada

2014

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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Recently, the researches on fast neutron spectrum system utilized thorium fuel are widely conducted. However, the recent thorium cross section libraries are limited compared to uranium cross section libraries. The impact of thorium cross section uncertainty on thorium fuel utilized accelerator driven system (ADS) reactivity calculation is estimated in this study. The uncertainty of thekeffcaused by232Th capture cross section of JENDL-4.0 is about 1.3%. The uncertainty of JENDL-4.0 is needed to be enhanced to provide more reliable results on reactivity calculation for the fast system. The impact of uncertainty of 232Th capture cross section of ENDF/B-VII is small (0.1%). Therefore, it will cause no significant impact of the thorium cross section library on the thorium utilized ADS design calculation.

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Reduction of the Radiotoxicity of Spent Nuclear Fuel Using a Two-Tiered System Comprising Light Water Reactors and Accelerator-Driven Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Transmutation Strategy Using Thorium-Reprocessed Fuel ADS for Future Reactors in Vietnam

Transmutation Strategy Using Thorium-Reprocessed Fuel ADS for Future Reactors in Vietnam

Nuclear fuel materials and its sustainability for low carbon energy system: A review

Impact of Thorium Capture Cross Section Uncertainty on the Thorium Utilized ADS Reactivity Calculation

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