Reduction of volume loss after left atrial injury by balloon occlusion—an experimental study

Abstract

Background Advanced-stage lung cancers sometimes require an extensive surgical approach. There is a risk of severe bleeding due to injury to the cardiac atria. Due to the fact that in most cases the surgical planning does not involve the expertise of a heart surgeon or the availability of a heart lung machine, only rapid effective action can avert this life-threatening complication. Methods In an experimental study of porcine heart-lung packs, three different methods were used to investigate the most effective way of controlling mass hemorrhage due to left atrial injury. In order to obtain a realistic model, the heart-lung packet was connected to a heart-lung machine after appropriate preparation and perfused with volume support. The damage control to the left atrial injury was either performed by manual compression, surgical clamping or balloon catheter occlusion. Results In addition to manual compression and clamping, the use of a balloon catheter inserted into the atrial lesion was found to be the most effective method. The blood loss of 41.88±7.53 mL ( vs. 105.00±31.74 and 106.00±50.67 mL) proved to be the lowest value. Conclusions For extensive resections of lung carcinoma, balloon catheters of different sizes should be kept ready to rapidly control massive blood loss due to injury of the cardiac atria.