Reductions in ethanol, phencyclidine, and food-maintained behavior by naltrexone pretreatment in monkeys is enhanced by open economic conditions

Carroll, Marilyn E.; Cosgrove, Kelly P.; Campbell, Una C.; Morgan, Andrew D.; Mickelberg, Jennifer

doi:10.1007/s002130050071

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In contrast, in the present study, increasing the response requirement during the seeking component did not alter drinking behavior once access to alcohol was obtained, with intake remaining relatively constant. Studies using a variety of procedures and a variety of species [rats: (Heyman, 1997;Heyman et al, 1999;Petry and Heyman, 1995;Williams and Woods, 2000), rhesus monkeys: (Carroll et al, 2000), humans: (Goudie et al, 2007;Sumnall et al, 2004)] have also demonstrated that alcohol intake is resistant to change, in that subjects will defend their alcohol intake despite large increases in response cost. That is, in economic terms, alcohol can be considered an ''inelastic'' commodity (Heyman, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dissociation of Alcohol‐Seeking and Consumption Under a Chained Schedule of Oral Alcohol Reinforcement in Baboons

Kaminski

Goodwin

Wand

et al. 2008

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dissociation of Alcohol‐Seeking and Consumption Under a Chained Schedule of Oral Alcohol Reinforcement in Baboons

Kaminski

Goodwin

Wand

et al. 2008

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Recently, data consistent with this result were reported by Paronis (Paronis, ), where naltrexone (up to 10 mg·kg −1 ) had very modest effects on behaviour maintained by concurrent availability of milk and milk + ethanol in food‐restricted rats. Further, the ability of naltrexone to reduce ethanol‐ and food‐maintained responding diminishes as the availability of food or ethanol outside of the experimental session increases (Nestby et al ., ; Carroll et al ., ). In the present study, food was available after the session, while ethanol was not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Drug effects on multiple and concurrent schedules of ethanol‐ and food‐maintained behaviour: context‐dependent selectivity

Ginsburg

Lamb

2014

British J Pharmacology

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDrugs that more potently or effectively reduce ethanol-maintained behaviour versus an alternative are considered selective and are considered promising pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. Such results are often obtained using separate groups or multiple schedules where ethanol and the alternative are available alone or sequentially. Recently, we observed that when ethanol and food were available sequentially under a multiple schedule, fluvoxamine and varenicline were selective; yet this selectivity disappeared when ethanol and food were concurrently available. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHWe examined the generality of these findings by comparing doses of several drugs required to decrease ethanol-and food-maintained responding under a multiple schedule and under a concurrent schedule. Effects were determined for chlordiazepoxide, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), morphine, naltrexone and d-amphetamine. KEY RESULTSUnder the multiple schedule, ED50 values for decreases in ethanol-maintained responding were significantly different and lower than ED50s for decreases in food-maintained responding (demonstrating selectivity) for each drug except for chlordiazepoxide (which was equipotent) and naltrexone (which did not affect responding). However, this selectivity vanished or even inverted under the concurrent schedule, such that ED50 values for decreasing ethanol-and food-maintained responding were not different (or, following DOI, the ED50 for food-maintained responding was lower than for ethanol-maintained responding). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSResults are consistent with those seen following fluvoxamine and varenicline administration, and suggest that selectivity is assay-dependent. These results indicate the need for careful interpretation of selective drug effects, especially when obtained in situations where ethanol or the alternative is the only programmed reinforcement available.Abbreviations 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; DOI, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine; IQR, interquartile range; mCPP, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine

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“…These measures are important because treatment effects can vary dramatically depending upon the economic context (e.g., price of drug, availability of nondrug substitutes) of drug self-administration (Comer et al, 1994;Carroll et al, 2000). For example, demand for a drug refers to the relationship between consumption of a drug and unit price (FR), or number of responses per milligram consumed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bremazocine on Self-Administration of Smoked Cocaine Base and Orally Delivered Ethanol, Phencyclidine, Saccharin, and Food in Rhesus Monkeys: A Behavioral Economic Analysis

Cosgrove

Carroll²

2002

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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There is increasing evidence that -opioid receptor agonists modulate cocaine-maintained behavior, and limited findings implicate the involvement of -opioid receptors in ethanol-maintained behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of bremazocine, a -opioid agonist, on the self-administration of smoked cocaine base and oral ethanol in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). To determine the selectivity of bremazocine, the effects of bremazocine pretreatment on the oral selfadministration of phencyclidine (PCP), saccharin, and food were also examined. Adult male rhesus monkeys were trained to selfadminister oral ethanol, PCP, saccharin (n ϭ 8), food (n ϭ 6), or smoked cocaine base (n ϭ 6) and water during daily sessions. Bremazocine (0.00032-, 0.001-, and 0.0025-mg/kg i.m.) injections were given 15 min before session. The 4 days of stable behavior before pretreatment served as baseline. Demand curves (consumption ϫ fixed ratio; FR) were obtained for smoked cocaine base, ethanol, and PCP by varying the cost (FR) of drug deliveries and measuring consumption (deliveries). Bremazocine (0.001 mg/ kg) was administered at each FR value in nonsystematic order. Results indicate that bremazocine dose dependently reduced cocaine, ethanol, PCP, and saccharin intake. Food intake was affected less by bremazocine than the other substances in five of the six monkeys. Generally, bremazocine treatment reduced the demand for cocaine, ethanol, and PCP as well as other measures of response strength. These results extend the findings that -agonists reduce the self-administration of drug and nondrug reinforcers to smoked cocaine base and oral ethanol, PCP, and saccharin in rhesus monkeys.Cocaine and alcohol abuse are well recognized psychiatric disorders with high rates of recidivism. Currently, there are few effective pharmacotherapies for the treatment of these disorders. However, recently -opioid receptor agonists have shown potential for the treatment of cocaine abuse, and limited evidence suggests that -agonists modulate ethanolmaintained behaviors (Nestby et al., 1999). It is increasingly evident that the mesolimbic dopamine system plays a role in mediating the reinforcing effects of psychostimulant drugs. It is well known that within this system, -and ␦-agonists stimulate and -agonists suppress dopaminergic neurotransmission (Herz, 1998), and it is likely that these opposing effects of -or ␦-and -opioid receptors within this system modulate drug-maintained behaviors. For example, the -opioid agonists U50488 and bremazocine reduced dopamine transmission in the mesolimbic dopamine system; whereas, -agonists stimulated dopamine transmission (Di Chiara and Imperato, 1988).It is generally accepted that -opioid receptors are involved in the neurobiological and behavioral effects of cocaine.-Agonists suppressed the increase in basal dopamine dialysate levels occurring during abstinence from cocaine (Heidbreder and Shippenberg, 1994;Chefer et al., 2000). The -agonist U69593 decreased basal rates of dopami...

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Reductions in ethanol, phencyclidine, and food-maintained behavior by naltrexone pretreatment in monkeys is enhanced by open economic conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Dissociation of Alcohol‐Seeking and Consumption Under a Chained Schedule of Oral Alcohol Reinforcement in Baboons

Dissociation of Alcohol‐Seeking and Consumption Under a Chained Schedule of Oral Alcohol Reinforcement in Baboons

Drug effects on multiple and concurrent schedules of ethanol‐ and food‐maintained behaviour: context‐dependent selectivity

Effects of Bremazocine on Self-Administration of Smoked Cocaine Base and Orally Delivered Ethanol, Phencyclidine, Saccharin, and Food in Rhesus Monkeys: A Behavioral Economic Analysis

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