Reductions in finger doses for radiopharmaceutical dispensing afforded by a syringe shield and an automatic dose dispenser

Montgomery, A.; De, Anstee; Cj, Martin; Te, Hilditch

doi:10.1097/00006231-199902000-00013

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…(E 8) Measurements of doses to the hands of radiopharmacists have been based on two methods: thermoluminescent dosimetry (Harding et al, 1990;Batchelor et al, 1991a,b;Chiesa et al, 1997;Hastings et al, 1997;Mackenzie, 1997;Dhanse et al, 2000;Jankowski et al, 2003;Berus et al, 2004;Paul et al, 2006;Vanhavere et al, 2006;Covens et al, 2007;Wrzesień et al, 2008) and electronic monitoring (Montgomery et al, 1997(Montgomery et al, , 1999Dhanse et al, 2000;Whitby and Martin, 2002Donadille et al, 2005;Guy et al, 2005). E.2.1.…”

Section: E2 Methods Of Dose Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations made over several years showed that exposure of the hands had been rising steadily because of the increased activities being handled. The use of shielding devices enabled some dose reduction (Montgomery et al, 1997), but the systems available for automating the preparation of 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals could not be used as they were unable to dispense the large numbers of patient vials within the time scale required in a large radiopharmacy (Montgomery et al, 1999).…”

Section: E1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these studies aimed to determine the average dose to the hands to demonstrate compliance with earlier ICRP recommendations (ICRP, 1977). (E 5) Systematic studies to determine the dose to specific parts of the hand to demonstrate compliance with later ICRP recommendations were initiated in the UK, where a large radiopharmacy in the Western Infirmary, Glasgow was preparing radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear medicine departments in 12 hospitals (Montgomery et al, 1997(Montgomery et al, , 1999Dhanse et al, 2000). Observations made over several years showed that exposure of the hands had been rising steadily because of the increased activities being handled.…”

Section: D1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annexes D and E

Icrp¹

2008

Ann ICRP

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Breast milk activity during early lactation following maternal 99 Tc m macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan. Br. J. Radiol. 75, 464-466. Mountford, P.J., Coakley, A.J., 1989. A review of the secretion of radioactivity in human breast milk: data, quantitative analysis and recommendations. Nucl. Med. Commun. 10, 15-27. Rose, M.R., Prescott, M.C., Herman, K.J., 1990. Excretion of iodine-123-hippuran, technetium-99m-red blood cells, and technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin into breast milk. J. Nucl. Med. 31, 978-984. Rubow, S., Klopper, J., Wasserman, H., Baard, B., van Niekerk, M., 1994. The excretion of radiopharmaceuticals in human breast milk: additional data and dosimetry. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 21, 144-153. Stabin, M.G., Breitz, H.B., 2000. Breast milk excretion of radiopharmaceuticals: mechanisms, findings, and radiation dosimetry.

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Section: E2 Methods Of Dose Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annexes D and E

Icrp¹

2008

Ann ICRP

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“…The MDP activities prepared are all within the range 800-1300 MBq, therefore the dispensing process consists of a series of repetitive actions using similar activities. This allows direct comparisons between single manipulations to be made, so that the dose to the technicians' hands and the actions that contributed to the dose received can be analysed more readily [3,4]. The steps in the process from preparation of radiopharmaceuticals to injection are portrayed in figure 1 and coded A-D.…”

Section: Radionuclide Dispensarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation using an advanced extremity gamma instrumentation system of options for shielding the hand during the preparation and injection of radiopharmaceuticals

Whitby

Martin

2003

J. Radiol. Prot.

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Staff preparing and injecting radiopharmaceuticals in hospitals may receive significant radiation doses to their hands. These doses may be high enough to warrant that they be classified as radiation workers. The influence of local shielding on finger doses has been investigated. Staff preparing radioactive liquids in a radionuclide dispensary and drawing up and injecting radiopharmaceuticals in a nuclear medicine department have been studied. Measurements have been recorded with an electronic extremity dose monitor, an advanced extremity gamma instrumentation system (AEGIS), worn near to the finger tip. The electronic dosimeter allows the pattern of doses received during different procedures to be determined. Doses received for individual manipulations during many routine sessions have been recorded for different staff members. Dose distributions around shielded vials and syringes have also been measured using AEGIS. In the radionuclide dispensary the vials from which radioactive liquids are dispensed are held in tungsten shields, whereas in nuclear medicine simple lead pots are used. Syringe shields are employed for some parts of dispensing and patient injections. Data on dose distributions have been used in interpretation of results from monitoring. Use of syringe shields during dispensing reduced the finger dose by 75-85%. The peaks in dose rate were 60% lower, and periods of exposure to high dose rates were reduced in length by a third because of the restriction in the region of high dose rate. The extremity doses to staff dispensing and injecting radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine were of similar magnitude. Doses received during dispensing varied from 10 to 555 microGy depending upon whether the vial containing the radiopharmaceutical was directly handled or not. Dose received from individual injections varied from 1 to 150 microGy depending on the degree of difficulty experienced during the injection.

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“…Because the dose limit for the skin is converted to 1 cm 2 of skin surface, one needs to measure point doses in different places on the hand. The commonly used method of measuring doses on the hand, i.e., using a dosimetric ring containing one or several thermoluminescent detectors worn at the base of a finger, however, is not adequate for manual procedures such as labeling or radiopharmaceutical injection (Martin and Sutton 2015 ; Wrzesień and Olszewski 2018 ; Sherbini et al 2011 ; Lecchi et al 2016 ; Jankowski et al 2002 ; Sæther et al 2005 ; Smart 2004 ; Chiesa et al 1997 ; Donadille et al 2005 ; Vanhavere et al 2006 ; Batchelor et al 1991 ; Montgomery et al 1999 ; Hastings et al 1997 ; Wrzesień and Olszewski 2011 ; Carnicer et al 2011 ; Wrzesień et al 2008 , 2016 ; Kubo and Mauricio 2014 ). Unfortunately, dosimetric literature data on medical personnel who work with ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine facilities using positron emission tomography (PET) is typically limited to cases, where the exposure of personnel performing 18 F-FDG injection procedures to the patient or diagnostic procedures has been analyzed (Leide-Svegborn 2010 , 2011 ; Dalianis et al 2006 ; Sandouqa et al 2011 ; Antic et al 2014 ; Wrzesień and Napolska 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Monte Carlo methods for Hp(0.07) values assessment during the handling of 18F-FDG

Albiniak

Wrzesień

2020

Radiat Environ Biophys

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The dose limit for the skin of the hand is typically converted to a surface of 1 cm2, which means that one needs to measure point doses in different places on the hand. However, the commonly used method of measuring doses on the hand, i.e., using a dosimetric ring including one or several thermoluminescent detectors worn at the base of a finger, is not adequate for manual procedures such as labeling or radiopharmaceutical injection. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to create and conduct a series of computer simulations that, by recreating the actual working conditions, would provide information on the values of ionizing radiation doses received by the most exposed parts of the hands of employees of radiopharmaceutical production facilities, as well as those of nurses during the injection of radiopharmaceuticals. The simulations were carried out using Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations. The Hp(0.07) personal dose equivalent values obtained for the fingertips of the index and middle fingers of nursing staff and chemists were within the range limited by the minimum and maximum Hp(0.07) values obtained as a result of dosimetric measurements carried out in diagnostic and production centers. Only in the case of the nurse’s fingertip, the simulated value of Hp(0.07 slightly exceeded the measured maximum Hp(0.07) value. The comparison of measured and simulated dose values showed that the largest differences in Hp(0.07) values occurred at the thumb tip, and for ring finger and middle finger of some of the nurses investigated.

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Reductions in finger doses for radiopharmaceutical dispensing afforded by a syringe shield and an automatic dose dispenser

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Annexes D and E

Annexes D and E

Investigation using an advanced extremity gamma instrumentation system of options for shielding the hand during the preparation and injection of radiopharmaceuticals

Using Monte Carlo methods for Hp(0.07) values assessment during the handling of 18F-FDG

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