2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.12.030
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Reductive activation of hexavalent chromium by human lung epithelial cells: Generation of Cr(V) and Cr(V)-thiol species

Abstract: Chromium(VI) compounds (e.g. chromates) are cytotoxic, mutagenic, and potentially carcinogenic. The reduction of Cr(VI) can yield reactive intermediates such as Cr(V) and reactive oxygen species. Bronchial epithelial cells are the primary site of pulmonary exposure to inhaled Cr(VI) and are the primary cells from which Cr(VI)-associated human cancers arise. BEAS-2B cells were used here as a model of normal human bronchial epithelium for studies on the reductive activation of Cr(VI). Cells incubated with Na 2 C… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…This is consistent with the expected slower penetration of particulate forms and with the smaller Cr(V) signals seen at early times with ZnCrO 4 [26]. Trx2 is more sensitive to Cr(VI) treatment than Trx1, suggesting greater redox stress in the mitochondria.…”
Section: Oxidation Of Thioredoxinsupporting
confidence: 85%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This is consistent with the expected slower penetration of particulate forms and with the smaller Cr(V) signals seen at early times with ZnCrO 4 [26]. Trx2 is more sensitive to Cr(VI) treatment than Trx1, suggesting greater redox stress in the mitochondria.…”
Section: Oxidation Of Thioredoxinsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Overall, several reactive and pro-oxidant species can be generated by intracellular Cr(VI) reduction, and pro-oxidant effects can contribute to Cr(VI) toxicity [26,33,5456,64,6980] and to its ability to promote mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis [81–83]. The redox cycling of Cr could increase the generation of ROS and thereby enhance oxidative stress [41,55,70,71,84].…”
Section: Generation Of Reactive Species and Oxidants From Cr(vi)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In fact, the US Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer classify Cr as a human carcinogen, currently making Cr(VI) one of 33 compounds listed to pose the greatest potential health threat in urban areas [3,81]. Indeed, once inside cells, Cr(VI) can be reduced by several chemical and enzymatic reductants including ascorbate, cysteine, glutathione, glutathione reductase, and multiple microsomal enzymes like cytochrome b5 [12,13,75]. So, reactive Cr intermediates, Cr(V) and Cr(IV), can be generated and exert their cytotoxic effects [12,74].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…So, reactive Cr intermediates, Cr(V) and Cr(IV), can be generated and exert their cytotoxic effects [12,74]. Cr(VI) reduction results in several oxidants: (1) Cr(V) can directly oxidize cell components [78], (2) Cr(V) and Cr(IV) catalyze robust hydroxyl radical (HO • ) 1 generation in Fentonlike reactions with H 2 O 2 [12,13,52,66,67], and (3) some enzymes simultaneously reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(V) and generate superoxide (O2 •− ) [12,49]. Potassium dichromate that enters the bloodstream is transported into red blood cells (RBCs) via sulfate anion channels [83].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Once inside cells, there are several chemical and enzymatic reductants that can reduce Cr(VI), including ascorbate, cysteine, glutathione, glutathione reductase, and multiple microsomal enzymes including cytochrome b 5 [18-26]. These 1- and 2-electron reductants generate reactive Cr intermediates, C(V) and Cr(IV), which are important for the cytotoxic effects [8, 27-33]. Oxidative damage is one likely outcome given that Cr(VI) reduction results in several oxidants: (a) Cr(V) can directly oxidize cell components [34, 35]; (b) Cr(V) and Cr(IV) catalyze robust hydroxyl radical (HO • ) generation in Fenton-like reactions with H 2 O 2 [26, 29, 36-39]; and (c) some enzymes simultaneously reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(V) and generate superoxide (O 2 •− ) [26, 40].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%