Reductive dechlorination of all trichloro- and dichlorobenzene isomers

Bosma, T

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(88)90446-6

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This finding is in agreement with Bosma et al They stated that since the dechlorination proceeded first by the addition of an electron, and that the electron addition could be balanced by the electronegativity of the chlorine substituents, dechlorination would be favored for molecules with nearby chlorine substituents (Bosma 1988). …”

Section: E Kelly Air Force Basesupporting

confidence: 91%

Microbially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene

Quistorff¹

1999

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)2. REPORT DATE August 1999 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal May 1997 -August 1999 TITLE AND SUBTITLEMicrobially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene AUTHOR(S)Quistorff, Anne S. FUNDING NUMBERSC: F08637-97-C-6013 P: 62202F JON: 1900B56A/2103B58A PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Cornell The microbially mediated reductive dechlorination of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) was studied using site material from eight different locations. The soil and groundwater from each site were anaerobically added to multiple serum bottles and mixed. All three DCB isomers were added to each serum bottle to a total nominal concentration of 30 micro-mole per liter for some microcosms and 600 micro-mole per liter for other microcosms. In addition, electron donor in the form of yeast extract (100 mg/L) was added to some microcosms and some microcosms were autoclaved and served as abiotic controls. The microcosms were then incubated, inverted, in the dark at 24 deg C and periodically monitored by headspace injections into a gas Chromatograph system. Reductive dechlorination of the DCB isomers was noted in microcosms from five of the eight locations and ranged from 10% to nearly 100%. Additionally, in all the positive microcosms, dechlorination proceeded independent of whether yeast extract was added. Due to the rapid onset of dechlorination in some of the microcosms, it is likely that DCB dechlorination is occurring on site. Generally, 1,2-DCB was the nost readily degraded DCB isomer. 1,3-DCB was the next most readily degraded isomer, distantly followed by 1,4-DCB. Reductive dechlorination of the DCB isomers was noted in microcosms from five of the eight locations: Louisiana wetland sediment, Kelly AFB, Robins AFB at well BIA4 at both 17-and 25-foot depths and slight dechlorination for the digested sludge. The extent of MCB production from DCB dechlorination was about 10% SUBJECT TERMSfor the digested sludge and ranged from about 50% to 100% for the other microcosms. The most successful microcosms (exhibiting close to 100% transformation in some instances) were the Louisiana wetland sediment and the Robins AFB well BIA4 at 25-foot depth.Additionally, in all the positive microcosms, dechlorination proceeded independent of whether yeast extract was addedprobably because the indigeno...

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Section: E Kelly Air Force Basesupporting

confidence: 91%

Microbially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene

Quistorff¹

1999

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“…Under anaerobic conditions, microbial transformations have been shown for all CBS in laboratory tests, except for mono-and 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (, Tiedje et al 1987;Fathepure et al 1988;Bosma et al 1988). The anaerobic microbial transformation is a reductive dechlorination reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Hexachlorobenzene is mainly dechlorinated to 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in sewage sludge (Tiedje et al 1987;Fathepure et al 1988). In river sediments, tri-and dichlorobenzenes are dechlorinated to monochlorobenzene (Bosma et al 1988). Although the origins of the anaerobic microbial consortia suggest that the results of these laboratory studies can easily be applied to the natural aquatic environment, there are some aspects that complicate the translation to field conditions: (1) long adaptation times, up to several months, are observed in laboratory tests; (2) the use of selected populations; (3) optimized incubation conditions: high temperatures, high nutrient concentrations; (4) high concentrations of the artificially added CBS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene in a sedimentation area of the Rhine River

et al. 1993

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Abstract. In sedimentation areas of polluted rivers, microbial dechlorination of chlorinated aromatics may be of great environmental significance. This reaction may take place in the deeper, anaerobic sediment layers and involves replacement of a chlorine in the pollutant molecule by hydrogen. In this study, the microbial dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene in a sedimentation area of the Rhine River is evaluated by using Rhine water pollution data, concentrations in historical sediment samples and in recent sediment cores, and the results of anaerobic laboratory incubations with Lake Ketelmeer sediment. The various data support the conclusion that microbial dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene has occurred in the anaerobic sediment. Up to 80% of the hexachlorobenzene deposited in the early 1970s has been dechlorinated. The maximum half-life of hexachlorobenzene in the sediment is found to be 7 years.Two limitations of microbially mediated dechlorination in the natural environment have become clear. In the first place, a residual concentration of about 40 pug/kg remains unaltered in the sediment or transformation rates of this fraction are at least extremely low. Secondly, the lower chlorinated benzenes that are produced from hexachlorobenzene appear to accumulate in the anaerobic sediment.

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“…All non-chlorinated aromatic compounds disappeared rapidly from the soil columns to undetectable levels. Under anaerobic (sulfate-reducing) conditions most of the higher chlorinated benzenes (Bosma et al 1991;Bosma et al, in preparation;Bosma et al 1988c) and most of the halogenated aliphatic compounds were transformed. In the dune infiltration areas and in most soils, both aerobic/anaerobic conditions may exist, thus promoting sequential transformation reactions which could favour a complete transformation of the higher chlorinated compounds.…”

Section: Biodegradation Of Organohalogen Compounds Under Different Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Versatility of soil column experiments to study biodegradation of halogenated compounds under environmental conditions

et al. 1992

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Soil column experiments were performed to obtain insight in the different biological and physico-chemical processes affecting biodegradation of halogenated compounds under natural conditions in a water infiltration site. Lower chlorinated aromatic compounds could be degraded under aerobic conditions, whereas highly chlorinated compounds and chlorinated aliphatic compounds were mainly transformed under anaerobic conditions. Microorganisms which derive energy from reductive dechlorination were enriched and characterized. It was found that microbes could adapt to using chlorinated benzenes by evolution of new enzyme specificities and by exchange of genetic material. For halogenated pollutants, which are generally hydrophobic, sorption processes control the concentration available for biodegradation. The effects of very low concentrations of halogenated compounds on their biodegradability are described. The use of isolated bacterial strains to enhance biodegradation was evaluated with respect to their temperature-related activity and to their adhesion properties.

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Reductive dechlorination of all trichloro- and dichlorobenzene isomers

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Microbially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene

Microbially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene

Microbial dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene in a sedimentation area of the Rhine River

Versatility of soil column experiments to study biodegradation of halogenated compounds under environmental conditions

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