Reductive leaching of manganese oxide ore in aqueous methanol–sulphuric acid medium

Co-recovery of manganese from low-grade pyrolusite and vanadium from stone coal using fluidized roasting coupling technology

“…The process has many disadvantages: high energy consumption, long roasting time, insufficient heat and mass transfer, and easy sintering. The hydrometallurgical reduction proceeds mainly with the following reductants: reductive minerals, including pyrite (Kholmogorov et al, 2000), sphalerite (L, 2004), and galena (Long et al, 2010); organic reductive materials, including molasses (Lasheen et al, 2009;Su et al, 2008), methyl alcohol (Momade and Momade, 1999a;Momade and Momade, 1999b), sawdust (Hariprasad et al, 2007), cornstalk (Tian et al, 2010), and oxalic acid (Sahoo et al, 2001); and inorganic reductants, including sodium sulfite (Jianhua et al, 2007), iron powder (Bafghi et al, 2008), ferrous sulfate (Das et al, 1982), hydrogen peroxide (Do et al, 2009;El Hazek et al, 2006;Nayl et al, 2011), and sulfur dioxide (Grimanelis et al, 1992;Naik et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2011).…”

Reductive Leaching of Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Formic Acid

“…[13] For the low-or middle-grade pyrolusite, hydrometallurgy is extensively applied in the reduction of quadrivalence manganese because of its efficiency and economy. Generally, there are three kinds of hydrometallurgical reductants: organic materials including glucose, [14][15][16] sucrose, [17] cellulose, [18] and methanol [19] ; inorganic materials including pyrite, [20] hydrogen peroxide, [21] and sulfur dioxide [22] ; biomass including molasses [23] and molasses alcohol wastewater, [24] sawdust, [25] corncob, [26] dried leaves, [27] waste tea-leaves, [28] and so on. Although there have been many reductants reported on hydrometallurgy, few C 1 organic reductants have been investigated.…”

Characterisation and classification of solid wastes coming from reductive acid leaching of low-grade manganiferous ore

“…These alternative processes include mixed methanol-sulphuric acid solution [9], coke [10], nonaqueous dimethyl sulphoxide [11], sulphuric acid and oxalic acid [12], iron(II) sulphate [13], and aqueous sulphur dioxide [5,[14][15][16].…”