Reductively debrominating strains of Propionigenium maris from burrows of bromophenol-producing marine infauna.

Abstract

Two novel strains of Propionigenium maris able to reductively debrominate 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) to monobromophenols were isolated from marine hemichordate and polychaete burrows. These two strains, DSL-1 and ML-1, were anaerobic, non-motile rods that stained Gram-negative and required 005 % yeast extract for growth. Strain DSL-1 fermented pyruvate and succinate to predominantly butyrate and strain ML-1 fermented glucose and succinate primarily to propionate. No inorganic terminal electron acceptors were identified. The pH and temperature optima for growth were 76 and 30 SC for strain DSL-1 and 70 and 32 SC for strain ML-1, respectively ; doubling times for strains DSL-1 and ML-1 were 032 h and 030 h, respectively. Both strains required 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl for optimal growth. Morphological and physiological features, as well as the results of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, showed these to be new strains of Propionigenium maris. Because they differ from the P. maris type strain (DSM 9537 T ) in a number of respects, including their ability to rapidly debrominate di-and tribromophenols, and in their specific habitats, the species description is amended to include these ecologically important properties.

Reductive Dehalogenation of Brominated Phenolic Compounds by Microorganisms Associated with the Marine Sponge Aplysina aerophoba

“…To date, only three marine strains able to debrominate polybrominated aromatic compounds have been described elsewhere (4,33,40). Desulfovibrio sp.…”

Desulfoluna spongiiphila sp. nov., a dehalogenating bacterium in the Desulfobacteraceae from the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba

“…Sun et al (2000) isolated a halobenzoate-dehalogenating Desulfomonile limimaris strain from marine sediments. Propionigenium maris, isolated from bromophenol-producing worms, is capable of debrominating 2,4,6-tribromophenol to 4-bromophenol (Steward et al, 1995;Watson et al, 2000).We have previously demonstrated that the sponge Aplysina (synonym Verongia) aerophoba, which produces a brominated tyrosine derivative, harbours anaerobic, reductively dehalogenating bacteria (Ahn et al, 2003). From Aplysina sponge material, we maintained stable anaerobic enrichment cultures by using lactate as an electron donor and bromophenols as electron acceptors.…”

“…Sun et al (2000) isolated a halobenzoate-dehalogenating Desulfomonile limimaris strain from marine sediments. Propionigenium maris, isolated from bromophenol-producing worms, is capable of debrominating 2,4,6-tribromophenol to 4-bromophenol (Steward et al, 1995;Watson et al, 2000).…”

Resistance of the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. to toxicity of phenolic compounds

“…The products of this reaction were consistent with a reductive dehalogenation mechanism: ortho and para carbon-chloride bonds were highly susceptible to reduction, but little activity against meta substituents was observed. Various bacterial dehalogenation reactions have been shown to attack different substituent positions with very different affinities (Häggblom 1990, Mohn & Tiedje 1992, Steward et al 1995, Watson et al 2000. In many cases, only carbon-halide bonds at a single aromatic ring position are susceptible to catalytic cleavage.…”

“…Assay mixtures were incubated at 28°C for 15 min and the reactions stopped by addition of an equal volume of acetonitrile. After centrifugation, the samples were assayed for chlorophenols using the HPLC system described above and following the methods of Watson et al (2000). Retention times of dehalogenation products were compared to those of authentic standard compounds and compound quantification was based on absorbance of known quantities of authentic compounds.…”