Redundancy Determination of HVDC MMC Modules

Kim, Chan-Ki; Lee, Seong-Doo

doi:10.3390/electronics4030526

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…• It brings about lower DC-link capacitor from a higher reactive power rating and lower stress on the switches [59]. MC enables it to reach three voltage levels by adding a bidirectional switch with half the voltage stress, reliability [80] and results in low switching frequency and near voltage sinusoidal waveforms [81]. The benefits of these SM topologies include reduced voltage stress, considerably lower semiconductor losses, and a compact size (and therefore a smaller footprint [22]).…”

Section: M-mcs For Statcommentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular‐multilevel converter topologies and applications – a review

Priya

Ponnambalam

Muralikumar

2019

IET Power Electronics

118

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Recently developed modular-multilevel converter (M-MC) has a major attention in the industry and research works which is moving into feasible technology for many medium and high-power applications. M-MCs have been improved by existing power conversion technology in several aspects, including efficiency, modular structure, power quality, transformerless operational capability, fault tolerant and redundancy operations having a low expense, standard components utilisation, high availability, excellent quality of output wave forms. However, as several challenges combined with M-MC topologies, include reduced voltage stress, compact size, and substantially lower semiconductor losses. These attributes the lower operating cost for high-power applications such as distribution systems and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. The main contribution of this study is to bring the scrutiny of M-MC applications and different circuit topologies. These M-MC configurations consist of converter structures with sub-module converters and M-MC family members. In such a way, the M-MC applications are generalised and it results the size and cost halved, reduced conduction and switching losses and increases system reliabilities. Moreover, in each application of M-MC, drawbacks, and advantages have been discussed in detail. This review presents the latest performance of M-MC with respect to the mentioned research areas and new applications.

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Section: M-mcs For Statcommentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular‐multilevel converter topologies and applications – a review

Priya

Ponnambalam

Muralikumar

2019

IET Power Electronics

118

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“…Converter parameters used in this paper are summarized in Table I. Component failure rates were assumed based on statistical data [12], [32] and information from State Grid Corporation of China. The reliability functions of each component is obtained by substituting the corresponding failure rate to (2).…”

Section: Validation and Application Of Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the consideration of converter topologies, [11] proposed a reliability evaluation method for general converters on the basis of the multi-state computation, and applied the k-out-of-n model to illustrate the reliability of a multilevel converter with redundancy. [12] carried out the determination of the redundancy rate of SMs in MMCs based on the reliability analysis. With both reliability and dc fault ride-through capability taken into account, [13] proposed an approach to obtain the optimal redundancy configuration for hybrid MMCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reliability Modeling and Evaluation of MMCs Under Different Redundancy Schemes

Guo

Wang

Liang

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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Due to the demand for high reliability, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are designed with redundant submodules. Redundant submodules can be integrated into the converter by employing different redundancy schemes: the conventional active scheme, the load-sharing active scheme, and the passive scheme. Different schemes have different impacts on the improvement of converter reliability. The contributions of this paper include that an analytical method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of MMCs under different redundancy schemes and the factors' influence on the converter reliability is analyzed to determine the proper redundancy scheme. Reliability models of MMCs under different redundancy schemes are built using Markov chains and the iteration method. Based on the proposed models, the effects of redundant schemes are evaluated in terms of the converter reliability. A case study is conducted to validate the feasibility and robustness of proposed models and to specify the conditions in the favor of each redundancy scheme. The benefits of sharing redundancy among arms are also explored from the reliability point of view. If insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and capacitors are dominant components in a submodule in terms of failure rates, the load-sharing active scheme performs better; otherwise, setting the redundant submodules in an idle state is more effective. It is also found that the number of required redundant submodules is greatly reduced by sharing redundancy among arms.

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“…The first paper by Kim and Lee tends to make reliability prediction of half-bridge based MMC used for HVDC applications using the failure rate table of the circuit components [8]. In the beginning, the basic principles of reliability along with mathematical expressions have been reviewed, and then using the failure rate table, the mean time to failure for submodule has been evaluated.…”

Section: The Present Issuementioning

confidence: 99%