Redundant Automation Monitoring: Four Eyes Don’t See More Than Two, if Everyone Turns a Blind Eye

Cymek, Dietlind Helene

doi:10.1177/0018720818781192

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This dual-task design is also in line with other current studies focusing on human redundancy and social loafing effects in technical environments (e.g. Cymek, 2018). These studies use software simulations (microworlds) that are presented to participants on the computer (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Social Loafing with Robots – An Empirical Investigation

Onnasch

Panayotidis

2020

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Social loafing describes a phenomenon in human-human interaction of reduced effort when working in a team compared to working individually. With the increasing growth of human-robot teams, studying potential social loafing effects in human-robot interaction seems increasingly relevant. In a laboratory experiment, participants worked on two parallel tasks with a human or a robotic partner. The primary task was once completed coactively and once collectively with the respective partner and a shared task output. Performance measures revealed no effects regarding partner or working condition. However, subjective data revealed that participants invested the least effort when working collectively with the robot compared to working collectively with a human or in the coactive conditions. At the same time, the robot’s performance was perceived as worse compared to the human confederate’s performance. Based on the results we discuss that interacting with robots shares social facets of human teamwork but does not resemble it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…These studies use software simulations (microworlds) that are presented to participants on the computer (e.g. Cymek, 2018). In contrast to that, we had to create a physical task to introduce a physical robot as partner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Loafing with Robots – An Empirical Investigation

Onnasch

Panayotidis

2020

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…RQ 3: Are effort losses stronger in studies employing cognitive as compared with physical tasks? Pertinent research used both between-(e.g., Cymek, 2018;Ying et al, 2014) and within-subjects designs (e.g., Hüffmeier et al, 2017;Wittchen et al, 2007). On the one hand, within-subjects designs entail the risk that, in laboratory studies, people may change their behavior "due to cues about what constitutes appropriate behavior" (i.e., demand effects; Zizzo, 2010;p.…”

Section: Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth, studies were included if they provided an effect size or sufficient information to calculate an effect size. If an article provided insufficient data to calculate an effect size (e.g., Cymek, 2018), two attempts were made to contact the study author(s). In total, we contacted 29 authors by email, yielding 16 responses (55%).…”

Section: Criteria For Inclusion and Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Together, everyone achieves more—or, less? An interdisciplinary meta-analysis on effort gains and losses in teams.

Torka

Mazei

Hüffmeier

2021

Psychological Bulletin

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This preregistered meta-analysis theoretically and empirically integrates the two research strands on effort gains and effort losses in teams. Theoretically, we built on Shepperd’s (1993) framework of productivity loss in groups and Karau and Williams’ (1993) Collective Effort model (CEM) and developed the Team member Effort Expenditure model (TEEM), an extended Expectancy × Value framework with the explicit addition of an individual work baseline. Empirically, we included studies that allowed calculating a relevant effect size, which represents the difference between an individual’s effort under individual work and under teamwork conditions. Overall, we included 622 effect sizes (N = 320,632). We did not find a main effect of teamwork on effort. As predicted, however, multilevel modeling revealed that the (in-)dispensability of the own contribution to the team performance, social comparison potential, and evaluation potential moderated the effect of teamwork versus individual work on expended effort. Depending specifically on the level of (in-)dispensability and the potential to engage in social comparisons, people showed either effort gains or losses in teams. As predicted, we also found that people’s self-reports indicated effort gains when they had objectively shown such gains, whereas their self-reports did not indicate effort losses when they had shown such losses. Contrary to our hypotheses, team formation (i.e., ad hoc vs. not ad hoc teams) and task meaningfulness did not emerge as moderators. Altogether, people showed either effort gains or losses in teams depending on the specific design of teamwork. We discuss implications for future research, theory development, and teamwork design in practice.

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“…The fault diagnosis and resolution process has been studied intensively in the nuclear power plant, air traffic control (Langer and Braithwaite, 2016;Trapsilawati et al, 2016;Borst et al, 2017), submarine (Roberts et al, 2017), and many other backgrounds (Vicente et al, 2004;Wickens et al, 2009;Sebok and Wickens, 2016). Operator performance of safety-critical and highly automated environments monitoring has also been studied (Funke et al, 2016;Cymek, 2018). Previous studies have shown that several key factors can influence operator performance during fault handling, including task complexity (Liu and Li, 2012), positional knowledge and skill (Littlepage et al, 2016), and environmental stress (Martin et al, 2019), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Performance Analysis of Processes for Retrieving Beidou Satellite Navigation System During Breakdown

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Psychol.

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Satellite navigation systems provide continuous, timely, and accurate signals of location, speed, and time to users all over the world. Although the running of these systems has become highly automated, the human operator is still vital for its continued operation, especially when certain equipment failures occur. In this paper, we examined 180 incidents of one particular type of equipment failure and the whole recovery process as recorded in the log files from a ground control center of the Beidou satellite navigation system. We extracted the information, including the technical description of the failure, the time when the fault occurred, the full recovery time, and the demographic information of the team members on the shift responsible for responding to the failure. We then transformed these information into the cognitive complexity of the task, time of day, shift handover period, and team skill composition. Multiple regression analysis showed that task complexity and shift handover were key predictors of recovery time. Time of day also influenced the recovery time, during midnight to 4 a.m., operators made longer responses. We also found that the fault handling processes could be improved if the team's most adept member is more skillful at that role than in other teams. We discussed the theoretical and practical implication of this study.

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Redundant Automation Monitoring: Four Eyes Don’t See More Than Two, if Everyone Turns a Blind Eye

Abstract: These findings may motivate safety experts to evaluate whether their implementation of human redundancy is vulnerable to social loafing effects.

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Social Loafing with Robots – An Empirical Investigation

Social Loafing with Robots – An Empirical Investigation

Together, everyone achieves more—or, less? An interdisciplinary meta-analysis on effort gains and losses in teams.

Human Performance Analysis of Processes for Retrieving Beidou Satellite Navigation System During Breakdown

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